Measurement of particulate aliphatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in Santiago de Chile: source reconciliation and evaluation of sampling artifacts |
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Authors: | Ilias G Kavouras Joy Lawrence Petros Koutrakis Euripides G Stephanou Pedro Oyola |
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Institution: | a Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-6069, USA;b Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Division of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 714 09 Heraclion, Greece;c Comision Nacional del Medio Ambiente, Direccion Region Metropolitana, Santiago de Chile, Chile |
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Abstract: | Using a novel sampler, particulate organic compounds were collected in Santiago de Chile from June 9 to August 10, 1997. This sampler consists of a diffusion denuder to remove gas-phase organics prior to particle collection, a Teflon filter, and a PUF cartridge downstream of the filter. PAHs and n-alkanes were measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Volatilization of particles collected on the Teflon filter varied from 15 to 85% for both n-alkanes and PAHs, with strong dependence on molecular weight. The relative distribution of n-alkanes and the values of molecular diagnostic ratios, such as Carbon preference index, indicated a mixed origin with strong anthropogenic input. Indeed, CPI values ranged from 0.66 to 1.96 (for the whole range of n-alkanes). The percent contribution of leaf “wax” n-alkanes (4.55–20.83%) indicated the low contribution of biogenic sources. In addition, the distribution pattern of PAHs was characteristic of anthropogenic emissions. The dominant contribution of combustion-related PAHs (CPAHs), 74–84%, indicated that vehicular emissions was the major source of PAHs. |
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Keywords: | Diffusion denuder Sampling artifacts Organic aerosol n-alkanes PAH |
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