An integrated approach to assessing the environmental and health impacts of pollution in the urban environment: Methodology and a case study |
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| Authors: | A Azapagic Z Chalabi T Fletcher C Grundy M Jones G Leonardi O Osammor V Sharifi J Swithenbank A Tiwary S Vardoulakis |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The Mill, Sackville Street, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;2. Public and Environmental Health Research Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK;3. Centre for Radiation, Chemical, and Environmental Health Hazards, Health Protection Agency, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK;4. Environmental Strategy Group, Sheffield City Council, 2-10 Carbrook Hall Road, Sheffield S9 2DB, UK;5. Sheffield University Waste Incineration Centre, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK;1. Google Inc, 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States;2. Hewlett–Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States;3. Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, IL 61801, United States;1. CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Rd., New Delhi, India;2. India Meteorological Department, Lodi Road, New Delhi 110003, India;3. Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611, USA |
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| Abstract: | This paper presents a new decision-support methodology and software tool for sustainable management of urban pollution. A number of different methods and tools are integrated within the same platform, including GIS, LCA, fate and transport modelling, health impact assessment and multi-criteria decision analysis. The application of the framework is illustrated on a case study which investigates the environmental and health impacts of pollution arising from different industrial, domestic and transport sources in a city. The example city chosen for the study is Sheffield, UK, and the main pollutants considered are NOx, SO2 and PM10. The results suggest that the absence of the current large industrial sources in the city would lead to a 90% reduction of the SO2 and 70% of the NO2 ground concentrations, consequently preventing 27 deaths and 18 respiratory hospital admissions per annum for a population of 500,000. Based on the total annual mortality and hospital admissions in Sheffield for the year of the assessment, this means that 0.53% of premature deaths and 0.49% of respiratory hospital admissions would be prevented by the estimated reduction in air pollution. |
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