打印机使用过程中颗粒物等有害因素释放及其毒理学效应研究进展

打印机的应用日趋广泛,其释放的颗粒物质尤其是纳米颗粒引起人们的高度关注。现有研究已经证明纳米级颗粒物更容易进入呼吸系统,穿越气血屏障,随之引起机体的氧化损伤、炎症反应和遗传毒性等。打印机释放颗粒的暴露水平评价及其毒理学效应识别是评估打印机健康风险的基础。本文综述了打印机工作场所颗粒暴露水平的监测结果、实验室模拟研究进展、人体采样评价、流行病学调查、体外细胞或整体动物水平毒理学效应评价方法及结果,并提出了打印机危害评估过程的标准化方案建议,以利于不同研究间的比较和总结。

Research Progress on Printer Particle Emission and Toxicological Assessment

Printer is widely used in our daily life, and the emitted particulate matters especially nanoparticles raised great concerns. It has been demonstrated that nanoparticles can cross the blood-air barrier when entering the lung by inhalation, which has the possibility to induce oxidative damage, inflammatory reaction and genotoxicity in the body. Exposure level of emitted particles and associated toxicological effects were the foundation of health risk assessment of this kind of photocopying equipment. In this paper, we thoroughly reviewed the progress of field monitoring of the printer emission levels in workplaces, simulation test in the laboratory environment, biological sample analysis, epidemiological study and particle-related in vitro or in vivo evaluation. Furthermore, standard processes were suggested to assess the hazard risk of printers with the purpose of having a good comparability within different source studies.