南方某城市地表水体中粪源性污染指示微生物的分布特征研究

随着城市居民亲水娱乐活动日益增加,研究城市地表水体的粪源性微生物污染特征,开展人体健康风险评价,并以此为基础开展有效的水质监测和风险管理,对于人口密集的城市区域尤为重要.以我国南方某城市的5个典型地表水体为案例,监测总大肠菌（TC）、粪大肠菌（FC）、大肠埃希氏菌（EC）和肠球菌（ENT）这4种粪源性污染指示微生物以及常规理化水质指标,研究指示微生物在城市地表水体中的浓度水平、时间和空间分布特征以及不同水质指标之间的相关性.结果表明,案例水体中TC和FC通常在10^3～10^7个.L^-1,EC和ENT通常分别低于200个·L^-1和105个·L^-1;4种指示微生物的浓度分布呈现季节变化特征,并且能够指示水体受到周边环境的污染状况;4种指示微生物指标之间以及微生物指标与常规理化水质指标（如溶解氧等）之间具有一定的相关性.

Occurrence of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Urban Surface Water: A Case Study in Southern China

With the increasing public recreational access to urban surface water, it is of critical importance for densely populated urban areas to study the occurrence of fecal pollution, conduct health risk assessment, and accordingly implement effective monitoring program and risk management. Five typical urban surface water bodies were selected in a southern city in China, and total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC), Escherichia coli (EC), enterococci (ENT), and some other water quality indexes were monitored. The occurrence and the temporal and spatial distribution of the four fecal indicator bacteria were studied, and furthermore the correlations among the four indicator bacteria and the other water quality indexes were examined. TC and FC in the studied water bodies generally ranged from 10³ L^-1 to 10⁷ L^-1, while EC and ENT usually varied below 200 L^-1 and 10⁵ L^-1 respectively. The four fecal indicator bacteria were observed to vary seasonally and could also indicate the pollution from surroundings. Statistically significant correlations were identified among the four fecal indicator bacteria as well as between them and the other water quality indexes, e. g. dissolved oxygen.