The significance of domino effect in chemical accidents |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Studies on Technological Risk (CERTEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;2. Centre for Process Design, Safety and Loss Prevention (CPSL), Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;1. Vanderbilt University, United States;2. United States Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Management, United States;1. LSPC – EA 4704 INSA de Rouen – Normandie Université, Avenue de l?Université, 76801 St. Étienne du Rouvray, France;2. LITIS – EA 4108, Université du Havre – Normandie Université, 25 rue Ph. Lebon, 76058 Le Havre, France;3. LISES – Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, via Terracini n.28, 40131 Bologna, Italy;4. Safety and Security Science Group, Faculty TBM, TU Delft, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands;5. Antwerp Research Group on Safety and Security (ARGoSS), University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium;6. Centre for Economics and Corporate Sustainability, KU Leuven, Campus Brussels, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;1. Safety and Security Science Group, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands;2. Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Australia;3. Centre for Risk, Integrity, and Safety Engineering (C-RISE), Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada;1. Department of Safety Science and Engineering, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China;2. Safety and Security Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands;3. Antwerp Research Group on Safety and Security (ARGoSS), Faculty of Applied Economics, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium;4. LISES – Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy;5. Centre for Risk, Integrity and Safety Engineering (C-RISE), Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada;6. Research group CEDON, Faculty of Economics and Management, Brussels campus, KULeuven, Belgium;1. Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia;2. Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia;3. Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John''s, NL A1B 3X5, Canada |
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| Abstract: | A historical survey was performed on 330 accidents involving domino effect, occurred in process/storage plants and in the transportation of hazardous materials; only accidents occurred after 1st-January-1961 have been considered. The main features – geographical location, type of accident, materials involved, origin and causes, consequences, domino sequences – were analyzed, with special consideration to the situation in the developing countries and compared to those from other previous surveys. Among the involved substances, LPG was the most frequent one, followed by liquid hydrocarbons. Process plants (38.5% of cases) and storage areas (33%) were the most common settings; 10.6% of past domino accidents occurred in transfer operations. The ratio between “two-step” and “three-step” domino accidents was found to be 6. A specific analysis of the accidents (84) occurred in the 21st century was performed, comparing them with the total set of accidents. Finally, a set of specific recommendations inferred from the results is provided. |
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| Keywords: | Domino effect Major accidents Historical analysis Risk analysis |
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