生态位理论的发展及其在农业生产中的应用

生态位理论近年来在理论生态学和应用生态学的发展中起到了重要的作用。本文回顾了生态位理论的发展概况，介绍了在生态位理论发展历程中作出巨大贡献的三位生态学家，格林尼尔的“空间生态位”，埃尔顿的“功能生态位”，哈奇森的“多维超体积生态位”概念。用系统论的观点总结了如何正确理解生态位概念及其理论，并就如何应用生态位理论来指导农业生产实践提出了切实可行的多种途径，如高效合理利用现存的生态位，开拓潜在生态位，定向改变基础生态位等，也为生态位理论更好地指导农业生产实践提供了新思路。

Development and Appliance in Agriculture of Niche Theory

The niche theory contributed much to development of theoretical and applied ecology. A brief review of development of niche theory is offered in this paper, with emphasis on niche concept of three ecologists, Grinnell's "spatial niche", Elton's "functional niche"and Hutchinson's "multi - dimension-al hypervofume niche". Furthermore, proper understanding of niche concept and concerned theory, and its directing to agriculture with detailed measures are also discussed.