重金属污染土壤植物修复及进展

土壤污染是当今面临的一个重要环境问题。常规的土壤污染物理化学治理技术 ,如客土换土法、冲洗法、热处理、固化、玻璃化、动电修复法等 ,由于其技术要求高或经济成本高昂 ,对土壤结构的扰动破坏较严重 ,因而 ,大规模推广应用存在较大问题。重金属超累积植物的不断发现 ,使人们认识到有可能利用植物于土壤污染的治理修复。自 2 0世纪 90年代起 ,植物修复成为环境污染治理研究领域的一个前沿性课题。研究表明 ,通过植物的吸收、挥发、根滤、稳定等作用 ,可以净化土壤或水体中金属污染物 ,达到净化环境的目的。近 10年来 ,在超累积植物的找寻培育、植物根际微生物共存体系研究、植物对重金属的耐忍性、超量吸收及其解毒机制以及植物修复的工艺技术方面已有不少研究 ,并取得长足的进展 ,现代分子生物学的发展以及基因工程技术的应用有可能使植物修复技术取得根本性的突破。

Phytoremediation: a new approach for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils

Due to their high implementing costs, strict technical demands and probably serious damage on soil texture, conventional ways are difficult to be selected for contaminated soil remediation, especially for middle and weak heavy metal-contaminated soil on a large scale. As more and more hyperaccumulator plants have been found, soil remediation using plants was put forward about decades ago, and has become a research focus in environmental technology. It has been indicated that phytoextraction, phytovolalization, rhizofitration and phytostabilization are the main mechanisms for cleaning up contaminated soil and water.A lot of approaches have achieved in the investigation and cultivation of hyperaccumulator plants, rhizosphere processes and manipulation, the mechanisms of hyperaccumulation, tolerance and detoxification to heavy metals. It is expected to get a breakthrough in this technology as the introduction of molecular biology and gene technology.