感烟火灾探测器的灵敏度评测

为了在设计火灾探测系统时，提供探测器的选型依据，该文通过火灾探测综合模拟试验平台(FE／DE)，利用四种国家标准火所用燃料生成典型火灾烟气，对光电型与离子型两种常规点式感烟火灾探测器的灵敏度性能进行了评测与比较。结果表明，对于木材热解生成烟气，与离子感烟探测器相比，光电型探测器的输出烟值增加更为急剧。然而对于棉绳阴燃火、聚氨脂塑料火及正庚烷火生成的烟气，离子型比光电型响应更为灵敏，特别是对于后两者明火生成的能够吸收光而减弱光散射的黑烟。最后指出，依据监控场所中可能存在的可燃物种类而选择相应类型的火灾探测器，将提高所设计火灾报警系统的可靠性。

Sensitivity Evaluation of Smoke Fire Detectors

The purpose of this paper is to present the experimental supports for the type selection of fire detectors when fire alarm systems are designed. Experiments were performed to evaluate and compare the sensitivity of photoelectric and ionization smoke detectors in the Fire Emulator/Detector Evaluator, using the typical smoke generated by the fuels of four standard fires addressed in the code. The results indicated that the outputs of photoelectric detector increased more sharply than ionization detectors for the smoke generated by pyrolyzing wood. However, for the smoke generated by the smoldering cottons, flaming polyurethane foam and flaming heptane, the ionization detectors respond more sensitively than the photoelectric detectors. Finally it is suggested that the fire alarm system should be designed by selecting suitable fire detectors based on the possible fuels in the building.