|
|||||
|
|
Quantification of sources of PCBs to the atmosphere in urban areas: A comparison of cities in North America, Western Europe and former Yugoslavia |
|
| Authors: | Bojan Gasic Matthew MacLeod Martin Scheringer Gerhard Lammel Aleksandar Pajovic Ivan Holoubek |
| Institution: | a Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland b Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic c Institute of Protection, Ecology and Informatics, Scientific-Research Institute, Vidovdanska 43, 78000 Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Hercegovina d Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, J.-J.-Becher-Weg 27, 55128 Mainz, Germany e Republic Hydrometeorological Institute Banja Luka, Put Banjalu?kog Odreda BB, 78 000 Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Hercegovina f Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway g University of Oslo, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 1033, 0315 Oslo, Norway |
| Abstract: | We present estimated emission source strengths of seven polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners for Banja Luka, a city that was affected by the civil war in Bosnia and Hercegovina (former Yugoslavia) in the 1990s. These emission estimates are compared to PCB emission rates estimated for the cities of Zurich, Switzerland, and Chicago, USA using an approach that combines multimedia mass balance modeling and measurement data. Our modeled per-capita emission estimates for Banja Luka are lower by a factor of ten than those for Zurich and Chicago, which are similar. This indicates that the sources of PCB emissions in Banja Luka are likely to be weaker than in the Western European and North American cities which show relatively high PCB emissions. Our emission rates from the three cities agree within a factor of ten with emission estimates from a global PCB emission inventory derived from production and usage estimates and emission factors. |
| Keywords: | Polychlorinated biphenyls Sampling campaign Multimedia modeling Emission source strength Former Yugoslavia |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ | |