Hierarchical eco-restoration: A systematical approach to removal of COD and dissolved nutrients from an intensive agricultural area |
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Authors: | Yonghong Wu Zhengyi Hu |
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Institution: | a State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 Beijing East Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China b Graduate Schools, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China |
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Abstract: | A systematical approach based on hierarchical eco-restoration system for the simultaneous removal of COD and dissolved nutrients was proposed and applied in a complex residential-cropland area in Kunming, China from August 2006 to August 2008, where the self-purifying capacity of the agricultural ecosystem had been lost. The system includes four main parts: (1) fertilizer management and agricultural structure optimization, (2) nutrients reuse, (3) wastewater treatment, and (4) catchment restoration. The results showed that the average removal efficiencies were 90% for COD, 93% for ammonia, 94% for nitrate and 71% for total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) when the hierarchical eco-restoration agricultural system was in a relatively steady-state condition. The emergence of 14 species of macrophytes and 4 species of zoobenthos indicated that the growth conditions for the plankton were improved. The results demonstrated that this promising and environmentally benign hierarchical eco-restoration system could decrease the output of nutrients and reduce downstream eutrophication risk. |
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Keywords: | Organic pollution (COD) Dissolved nutrient Complex residential-cropland area Hierarchical eco-restoration technology (HES) |
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