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Emission estimation and congener-specific characterization of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from various stationary and mobile sources |
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| Authors: | Lin-Chi Wang Wen-Jhy Lee Wei-Shan Lee |
| Affiliation: | a Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Cheng Shiu University, 840, Chengching Road, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan, ROC b Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, 840, Chengching Road, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan, ROC c Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC d Sustainable Environment Research Centre, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC |
| Abstract: | Here we show that combustion sources, including waste incinerators, metallurgical processes, power-heating systems and so on, are also important emitters of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) to the atmosphere. Geometric mean PBDE concentrations in the stack flue gases of the combustion sources ranged from 8.07 to 469 ng/Nm3. The sinter plants (24.7 mg/h), electric arc furnaces (EAFs) (11.3 mg/h) and power plants (50.8 mg/h) possessed the largest PBDE emission rates, which were several orders higher than those of the other reported sources. The occurrences of the PBDEs in the flue gases of the power plants and vehicles, as well as their PBDE concentrations statistically highly correlated with combustion-originated PCDD/Fs, revealing that PBDEs should be the products of combustion. The ranking of major PBDE emission sources in Taiwanese PBDE inventory for combustion sources was power plants (30.85 kg/year), vehicles (14.9 kg/year) and metallurgical processes (5.88 kg/year). |
| Keywords: | PBDEs Dioxin Combustion sources Stack flue gases |
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