甲酰吗啉生产过程中的危险因素与安全措施探讨

吗啉酰化合成甲酰吗啉(NFM)过程存在诸多安全与环保的危险、有害因素。实验室小试、中试和工业试生产研究表明:正确选择反应工艺路线是首要条件。较可取的是以甲酸为酰化剂,吗啉酰化初期强放热反应,该类反应安全操作条件是安全生产的关键。选择适宜的传热介质及时移出反应热,适当加入带水剂,采用滴加的加料方式可减缓放热速度是控制反应温度的关键。先进和规范的安全管理制度,是防止事故的保证。

Exploration into the Hazards and Safety Measures in the Process of N-formyl morpholine Synthesis

Many risk,hazard and environmental factors are existing in the acylation process of N-formylmorpholine(NFM) from morpholine.Test in labs and industry trial-production shows that the key to prevent those factors is to select the reaction process correctly.One advisable way is to synthesize NFM by acylating morpholine with formic acid as acylating agent.As an exothermic reaction,the safety in this process more depends on operational conditions.Therefore,good safety measures to control reaction temperature in this process is to chose an appropriate heat-transfer medium,properly add water-taking agent,and drip the formic acid in morpholine,etc.in addition,advanced and standardized management system is also important to prevent accidents.