五论灾害系统研究的理论与实践

作者曾分别于1991、1996、2002和2005年发表了关于灾害研究理论与实践的4篇文章,对灾害系统的性质、动力学机制、综合减灾范式,以及灾害科学体系等进行了探讨.在前4篇文章的基础上,就当前国际上灾害风险综合研究的趋势、应对巨灾行动,以及防范巨灾风险和加强综合减灾学科建设等方面进行了综合分析,阐述了对"区域灾害系统"作为"社会-生态系统"、"人地关系地域系统"和"可划分类型与多级区划体系"本质的认识;区分了"多灾种叠加"与"灾害链"损失评估的差异;论证了"综合灾害风险防范的结构、功能,及结构与功能优化模式";构建了由灾害科学、应急技术和风险管理共同组成的"灾害风险科学"学科体系.研究结果表明,通过综合减灾,防范巨灾风险已成为区域和全球可持续发展的重要措施,这一措施与资源节约型与环境友好型社会的建设,循环经济模式的发展,以及低碳经济模式的建立,共同构成了可持续发展战略实施的支撑体系.

Theory and practice on disaster system research in a fifth time

The author has published a continuous series of four papers about the theory and practice on disaster research in 1991, 1995, 2002 and 2005, in which the essence and dynamic mechanism of disaster system, the integrated disaster reduction paradigm, the disaster science system and other relevant important issues were deeply discussed. Based on these 4 previous papers, the direction of integrated disaster risk research, catastrophe coping action , catastrophe risk governance, and strengthening the construction of integrated disaster reduction discipline are firstly analyzed and summarized in this paper; then the understanding of the essence of regional disaster system is put forward and explained. It is concluded that regional disaster system, which belongs to the social-ecological system and the human-earth system, and is capable of classification and regionalization at multi spatial and temporal levels; the difference between loss assessment for multi-hazard overlaying and disaster chains is distinguished; after that, the structure, the function, and the structure-function optimization mode of integrated disaster risk governance are introduced and demonstrated in detail; finally, the discipline system of disaster risk science is established and formed, which is composed of disaster science, emergency technology and risk management. The research result shows that: based on integrated disaster reduction, catastrophe risk governance has become an important counter-measure for regional and global sustainable development, which can be regarded as the supporting system of sustainable development realization strategy together with the other three countermeasures of the resource-conserving and environment - friendly society construction, the circular economy mode development, and the low-carbon economy mode establishment.