渤海湾西岸入海径流量和输沙量的变化及其环境效应

以渤海湾西岸天津段入海河流的径流量和输沙量数据为基础,采用Kendall秩相关检验法和Mann-Kendall法对近50年入海径流量和输沙量进行了趋势分析和突变性检验.结果表明,近50年来渤海湾西岸天津段入海径流量和输沙量均呈显著下降的趋势.近50年来华北地区降水量减少、天然径流偏低是导致入海径流量减少的自然因素,而流域人类活动如水库和防潮闸的建设,以及沿河取水取沙也是不可忽视的重要因素.该段海岸入海径流量和输沙量的减少已导致河口区盐度上升、水质恶化、沉积物污染等问题,最终会影响河口生态系统的结构和生物资源的可持续发展与利用.

Variations of water and sediment discharges to the western coast of Bohai Bay and the environmental impacts

The Kendall rank correlation test and the Mann-Kendall method were adopted to analyze the characteristics of water and sediment discharges into Bohai Bay over the past 50 years. The results indicate that, the water and sediment discharges have decined dramatically in the past 50 years. The decrease of precipitation and natural runoff are partially responsible for the declrease of water and sediment discharges. Human activities such as the building of reservoirs, floodgates, and water and sediment division along the river channel also contribute to the reduction. The decline of water and sediment discharge into the coastal zone has resulted in increased salinity, deterioration of water quality, and pollution of sediments, which have affected the estuarine ecosystem health and the sustainable use of its biological resources.