华南某市生活垃圾组成特征分析

依据城市生活垃圾采样分析方法对华南某市20个街镇生活垃圾的物理性质和物理组成进行历时一年的研究.结果表明,研究区域垃圾平均容重为0.22×103kg·m-3,垃圾三组分(水分、灰分和可燃物)所占比例分别为55.0%~66.9%、18.6%~30.3%、69.7%~81.4%,有机质含量比例为50.1%~58.0%,各研究区镇垃圾热值范围为6 570~9 652 k J·kg-1,平均热值为8 272 k J·kg-1,高于世界银行推荐的垃圾焚烧所需最低热值(7 000 k J·kg-1).其它物理组分所占比例分别如下:厨余类为39.8%~53.3%,橡塑类为16.5%~33.4%,纸类为5.61%~7.95%,纺织类为1.14%~5.16%,竹类为2.49%~5.12%,玻璃类为1.10%~1.47%,混合类5.86%~7.57%,灰土类2.46%~6.73%,金属0.1%~0.32%,陶瓷0.4%~0.69%.相关分析和主成分分析结果表明纺织类、橡塑类、纸类、可燃物比重对焚烧有促进作用,厨余类、玻璃类、容重、灰分、含水率、灰土等则对焚烧有一定的负影响.

Analysis of Composition Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste in South China

Using the MSW(municipal solid waste) sampling and analysis methods, the composition characteristics of MSW in south China were investigated. The results showed that: the average MSW bulk density was 0.22×10³ kg·m^-3, the percentages of water, ash and combustible were 55.0%-66.9%, 18.6%-30.3% and 69.7%-81.4%, respectively. The organic contents were 50.1%-58.0%. The waste low caloric value(wet base) ranged 6570-9652 kJ·kg^-1, and the average of waste low caloric value(wet base) was 8272 kJ·kg^-1, which was higher than the recommended value of World Bank(7000 kJ·kg^-1). The percentage composition of MSW was: 39.8%-53.3% kitchen waste garbage, 16.5%-33.4% rubber and plastics, 5.61%-7.95% paper, 1.14%-5.16% textile products, 2.49%-5.12% bamboo products, 1.10%-1.47% glass, 5.86%-7.57% mixed materials, 2.46%-6.73% dust, 0.1%-0.32% metal, and 0.4%-0.69% ceramic. The correlation analysis and factor analysis showed that: the high proportions of textile, rubber and plastics, paper, and combustible materials had a positive effect on the MSW incineration, while the high proportions of kitchen waste garbage, glass, MSW bulk density, ash, water content and dust had a negative effect on the MSW incineration.