不同退化程度羊草草原碳收支对模拟氮沉降变化的响应

2009~2010年,选择内蒙古温带典型草原区2个不同退化程度羊草群落为研究对象,利用小区模拟控制试验,设置0g·(m2·a)-1(CK)、10 g·(m2·a)-1(MN)这2个氮处理水平,模拟研究了大气氮沉降水平变化对植物净初级生产力(NPP),土壤呼吸(Rs)以及整个群落碳收支(NEE)的定量影响,比较了不同退化程度草地群落NEE对等量氮添加的响应差异.结果表明,对于轻度退化羊草草原(样地A),MN处理生长季平均地上生物量(AGB)两年分别比CK增加21.5%及46.8%,而对于中度退化羊草草原(样地B),氮添加在2009年降低了植物AGB及地上NPP(ANPP),在2010年则表现为正效应;两年氮添加均增加了样地A与样地B的根系生物量(BGB)以及样地B的地下NPP(BNPP),但降低了2010年样地A的BNPP;氮输入增加并未明显改变Rs的时间变化规律.与CK处理相比,样地A的MN处理两年土壤微生物呼吸年累积通量较CK分别增加了14.6%与25.7%,而样地B则分别降低了10.4%与11.3%;样地A与样地B两年均表现为大气的碳汇,碳汇强度(以碳计)分别为59.22 g·(m2·a)-1与166.68 g·(m2·a)-1以及83.27 g·(m2·a)-1与117.47 g·(m2·a)-1.相对于CK,样地A两年碳汇增加量分别为15.79 g·(m2·a)-1与82.94 g·(m2·a)-1,样地B分别为74.54 g·(m2·a)-1与101.23 g·(m2·a)-1,单位氮输入量在初始氮水平低的草地群落能获得更大的增汇效应.

Responses of Ecosystem Carbon Budget to Increasing Nitrogen Deposition in Differently Degraded Leymus chinensis Steppes in Inner Mongolia, China

Based on a field manipulative nitrogen (N) addition experiment, the effects of atmospheric N deposition level change on the plant biomass and net primary productivity (NPP), soil respiration (Rs) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were investigated respectively in 2009 and 2010 in two differently degraded Leymus chinensis steppes in Inner Mongolia of China, and the difference in the response of NEE to equal amount of N addition 10 g·(m²·a)^-1, MN] between the two steppes was also discussed. The results indicated that for the light degraded Leymus chinensis steppe (site A), the average plant aboveground biomass (AGB) in MN treatment were 21.5% and 46.8% higher than those of CK in these two years. But for the moderate degraded Leymus chinensis steppe (site B), the N addition decreased the plant AGB and ANPP in 2009, while showed positive effects in 2010. N addition increased the belowground biomass (BGB) of the both sites and belowground NPP (BNPP) of site B in both years, but decreased the BNPP of site A in 2010. The increase of N input in the two steppes did not change the seasonal variation of Rs. The cumulative annual soil C emissions in MN treatment in site A showed an increase of about 14.6% and 25.7% of those in the CK respectively for these two years, while were decreased by about 10.4% and 11.3%, respectively in site B. The NEE of MN treatments, expressed by C, for the two steppes were 59.22 g·(m²·a)^-1 and 166.68 g·(m²·a)^-1, as well as 83.27 g·(m²·a)^-1 and 117.47 g·(m²·a)^-1, respectively in these two years. The increments in NEE originated from N addition for these two years were 15.79 g·(m²·a)^-1 and 82.94 g·(m²·a)^-1 in site A and 74.54 g·(m²·a)^-1 and 101.23 g·(m²·a)^-1 in site B. The N input per unit could obtain greater C sink effect in the steppe with lower initial N level.