汽车内微环境空气污染的初步探究

为了研究车内的污染水平,在2004-04-10至2004-06-20对车内空气进行了采样和分析.对车龄在2年内的91种型号轿车的车内微环境进行了静态检测,有效检测车辆共计802辆,同时对比检测20辆2002年以前出厂的旧车.检测项目包括甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和CO等.参照国家室内空气质量标准,新车中甲苯浓度超标率达82%,苯和甲醛浓度的超标率分别为75%和24%.在被检测车辆中,甲醛、苯、甲苯和二甲苯浓度均是新车比旧车高,只有CO浓度是旧车比新车高.初步分析判断苯系物主要来源于车内的胶粘剂,甲醛来自于车椅座套和座垫等,CO来源于发动机排放残留.

Air pollutants in microenvironment of new and old vehicles

Air pollutants in many new and old vehicles were measured and compared in a study of air pollution in vehicle microenvironment.During April 10 to June 20,2004,a large number of air samples were taken,from 802 relatively new (<2 years) vehicles of 91 models and 20 old(>2 years) vehicles of the same models,for measurements of formaldehyde,benzene,toluene,xylene,and carbon monoxide.Approximately 82%,75%,and 24 % of the new vehicle air samples exceeded the Chinese national indoor air quality standard for toluene,benzene and formaldehyde,respectively.New vehicles had higher concentrations in formaldehyde,benzene,toluene,and xylene but lower in CO.These data suggest that aromatic compounds were emitted mainly from glues,formaldehyde was from seat covers and pillows,and carbon monoxide was from residues of engine exhaust.