生态环境大数据研究与应用进展

生态环境大数据是为生态环保决策管理提供服务的大数据集、大数据技术和大数据应用的总称。生态环境大数据除了具有大数据的"6V"特征,还具有高维、高复杂性、高不确定性的"三高"特性。本文从生态环境大数据的定义和特征出发,阐述了国内外生态环境大数据的"萌芽-探索-应用-战略"的发展历程及其在科学研究、商业应用和政府决策等领域的主要应用,总结了基于第四研究范式的生态信息学理论基础和依托于信息技术和数据挖掘的技术方法,分析了当前形势下我国生态环境大数据应用面临的三大挑战,提出了未来生态环境大数据五大热点方向,生态环境大数据必将在推进生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化中发挥重要作用。

Progress in Research and Application of Ecological Environment Big Data

Ecological environment big data is the general term for big data sets, big data technologies and big data applications, which provide services for eco-environmental decision management. In addition to the 6 "V" feature of big data, the ecological environment big data also has the "three high" characteristics of high dimensionality, high complexity and high uncertainty. Based on the definition and characteristics of big data in ecological environment, this paper expounded the development, exploration research, application research, strategic development and application of ecological data big data research in China and abroad. Furthermore, the paper explains the big data application in the scientific research, business applications and government decision-making procedures. It summed up the theoretical basis of ecological informatics based on the fourth research paradigm and the technical methods based on information technology and data mining, and then analyzed the three challenges faced by China''s ecological environment big data application under the current situation. The five hotspots research and application directions were put forward in the end. The ecological environment big data will play an important role in promoting the environmental governance system and the modernization of environmental governance capabilities.