水权市场研究述评与中国特色水权市场研究展望

水权水市场改革是我国水资源管理改革的重要内容,也是当前我国资源环境研究领域的热点之一。我国水权市场尚未发育完成,水权交易还未成体系,更缺乏水权交易的制度体系和技术支撑。国内外的研究表明,有效运作的水权市场,需要具备产权明晰、计量监测技术支撑、监管制度完善等多方面的条件,同时也会受到交易成本、第三方效应、社会文化等多方面的影响;从已有的水权交易模型来看,国内学者基本上是沿用了西方发展起来的水权交易模型,很少考虑中国国情因素。总体来看,国内水权水市场研究目前存在三个方面的主要缺陷。第一,在水权市场发展的规律研究方面,过于强调市场的作用和市场制度本身,对水权市场运作的内在机制认识不足;第二,在水权市场的国际经验借鉴方面,过于强调个别国家的"先进经验",对水权市场发展的教训和伴随的问题认识不足;第三,在水权交易和市场制度建设过程中,过于强调理想意义上的自由市场模式,对国情条件的制约和中国特色的因素认识不足。当前亟需开展更为深入的研究,系统探索中国国情因素对水权市场构建的影响,重点揭示中国特色的水权市场制度体系特征,提出中国情境下的水权交易模式、交易规则、水权监管制度以及与国情条件相适应的水价政策。通过理论集成和知识创新,增进对中国特色水权市场制度的理解,为水资源管理体制改革和水资源的可持续利用提供研究支撑。

A review of water rights market studies and a prospect of research on Chinese water rights market

The reform of water rights and water markets is not only an important content of water resources management reform,but also is one of the hotspots in the field of resource and environment research in China.The construction of China's water rights markets has not yet been completed,the water rights trading also has not been a system,and it lacks the support of water rights trading system and technology.Domestic and foreign researches show that,it is necessary to have a clear boundary of property fights,technology support of measurement and monitoring,improving of the regulatory system and many other conditions for the effective operation of the water rights markets.What's more,the transaction costs,third-party effects,and social culture also have important impact on it.From the existing water rights trading models,most of domestic scholars follow the water rights trading models developed by the foreign scholars,which rarely consider the factors of China's national conditions.Overall,there are three major shortcomings in the domestic water rights markets researches.First,in the study of the regular pattern of the development of the water rights markets,those studies put too much emphasis on the role of the market and the market system itself,but lack understanding of the internal mechanisms of the operation of the water rights markets.Second,those studies put too much emphasis on the international experience in the water markets,but understood little of their problems and lessons.Thinl,in the process of the construction of water rights trading and markets system,those studies put too much emphasis on the ideal free market model,which restricts the considering of the national conditions and knowledge of Chinese characteristics.It is necessary to carry out more in-depth research at present,and systematically explore the impact of China's national conditions on the construction of water rights markets,focus on revealing the characteristics of water rights markets system with Chinese characteristics,and put forward the water rights trading model,trading rules,regulatory regime,and water price policies appropriate to national conditions.Through theoretical integration and knowledge innovation,the understanding of water rights markets system with Chinese characteristics will be improved,which will provide the research support for water resources management system reform and sustainable utilization of water resources.