农地流转背景下地块规模对农户种粮投入影响分析

近年来粮食安全受到国家和社会的广泛关注,农地投入作为粮食生产的重要要素,是保障粮食稳定产出的前提。学者就农地规模对农户种粮投入的影响已进行了较多研究,但受农地流转的影响,土地要素更具多样化,土地规模与农户种粮投入的关系发生变化。随着农地流转在我国的快速发展,探析农地流转影响下土地规模对农户种粮投入影响的变化成为一个亟待研究的问题,对保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。考虑到地块的异质性,本文基于山东、河南、安徽三个粮食主产省622户农户1 284个地块的粮食生产数据从村庄和农户两个层次控制了生产要素市场价格、地块要素等非主观因素,进行多层模型回归分析。结果表明,农地流转特征及地块特征对农户粮食生产单位面积投入有显著影响。地块规模和转入地占比对农地投入影响为负,转入地占比越大,地权稳定性越低,农户投入积极性受到挫伤越明显,在转入地上的投入减少。随着转入土地面积的增加,农户从事粮食生产的机会成本增大,使其有更强的动力增加种粮投入,地块规模的负向影响程度降低。基于分析结果,本文得出以下3点结论:(1)规模化经营有利于降低单位面积种粮成本;(2)农地流转发生时,地块规模对种粮投入的影响发生改变,成片规模化经营将成为我国粮食生产的必然趋势;(3)提高土地综合条件可以降低投入成本,并提高农户投入积极性。要保障国家粮食安全,需从降低种粮成本、提高农户收益着手,建议鼓励农村土地流转,推动粮食规模化生产,同时也要注重增加财政拨款,建设高标准粮田,强化高标准粮田的农业基础设施建设,完善田间配套工程。

Impact of plot size on farmers' grain investments under the background of farmland transfer

In recent years,national food security is gaining extensive attention of China.As an important factor of grain production,farmland investments are the premise of stable grain output.Scholars have made lots of efforts to study about the influence of plot size on farmers' grain investments.However,due to farmland transfer,land factors become more diversified,which results in changes of the relationship between plot size and farmers' grain investments.With the rapid development of farmland transfer in China,it is urgent to analyze the influence of plot size on farmers' grain investments under the impact of farmland transfer,which is of great significance to ensure the national food security.Considering the heterogeneity of different plots,this paper makes a multi-level regression analysis from levels of villages and farmers based on the grain production data in 1 284 plots owned by 622 farmers in three major grain production provinces of Shandong,Henan and Anhui,with production material price,plot factor and other non-subjective factors conerolled.Result shows that farmland transfer characteristics and field characteristics have a significant influence on farmer's grain investments per unit area.The coefficients of plot size and transfer proportion are both negative.With the enlargement of farmer's land transfer scale,their opportunity cost for pursuing land production increases,which can give them more motivation to inerease grain investments,and then coefficient of plot size on grain investment becomes smaller.Three conclusions are drawn from empirical results.In the first place,scale operation can help decrease the grain input cost per unit area;secondly,when farmland transfer happens,the influence of plot size on grain investment changes and large scale operation will become an inevitable trend in China;thirdly,plots with good conditions can improve farmer's grain production enthusiasm and decrease input cost.To ensure the national food security,the government needs to take measures to decrease grain input cost and increase the revenue.It is suggested to encourage farmland transfer and promote grain large-scale production.Meanwhile,the government needs to increase the financial allocation to construct high standard grain field with more infrastructure and supporting engineer.