最近10年国外循环经济进展及对中国深化发展的启示

随着联合国确立2030全球可持续发展目标和巴黎会议通过应对气候变化的全球协议,循环经济在世界各国的发展得到越来越多的重视,正在与低碳经济一起作为绿色经济的两个支柱,纳入主流的理论研究和政策研究。过去10年来,受到中国发展循环经济的刺激,国外特别是欧洲国家为了占领绿色经济制高点,强化了循环经济的研究与实践,在理论研究、政策创新、企业实践等方面取得了一系列重要成果。这反过来可以对中国未来深化循环经济起到促进和激励作用。本文从三个方面总结和评论最近10年来国外循环经济的进展及其启示。首先,指出循环经济从60年前的思想萌芽,经过过去20年的发展,当前在政府、专门组织以及学术研究等多种力量的推动下,正在进入波澜壮阔的第三波。其次,概括过去10年欧洲国家在循环经济领域取得的进展和成果,指出循环经济的理论与实践出现了整合化、系统化的趋势,重要如EMF提出了循环经济的系统模型;战略思路实现了从治理废弃物向预防和减少废弃物的转变,重要如欧盟提出了发展循环经济的一揽子计划;强调循环经济对于21世纪企业发展和创新具有重大意义,重要如埃森哲咨询公司提出了循环型企业的五种类型,其中产品服务系统和基于互联网平台的分享经济正在成为循环型企业发展的新前沿。最后,在前述研究的基础上,针对中国循环经济发展如何走上新台阶,如何实现经济社会发展与物质流消耗的绝对脱钩,从建构循环经济整体模式以及政府、企业、消费者、研究者等利益相关者合作推动等方面提出了相应的建议。

A review of circular economy development in European countries over the last decade and its implications to deepen Chinese's circular economy

With the establishment of global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 by the United Nations and the global Agreement to the climate change at the Paris Conference of Parties (COP),circular economy (CE) is becoming more mainstreamed in the world development and a hot issue of academic research and policy studies,as well as the low-carbon economy.Over the last decade,due to the stimulation of the CE development in China,foreign countries especially the European countries,aiming to gain the high competitive power in the field of green economy,have greatly contributed to the theory studies,policy innovations and business practices of CE,which would further promote the development of theories and policies of CE in China in turn.This paper summarized and reviewed the progress and achievements of CE in the European countries in the field of CE in the past 10 years from three aspects.First,it is found that CE in the world development is entering the important third wave and involving muli-actors of government,specialorganizations and academic research institutions,which started its earliest idea in 1960s and had a big progress in the last twenty years.Second,the main achievement of theories and practices of CE in the European countries could be summarized as follows:The theory and practice of CE has a systematic and combining tendency,such as EMF have developed a integrated framework of CE with technical cycle and bio cycle.The CE strategy has embodied a transition from a end of pipe waste treatment to a proactive waste prevention,such as EU has set up an ambitious Circular Economy Package.CE concept has closely related to Business innovation and development towards 21th century,such as Accenture Strategy has identified five categories in which product service systems and platform-oriented sharing economy was becoming a new frontier of CE.As a conclusion,based on the findings in this study,building a comprehensive policy framework of CE and collaborating government,business,customers and scholars for CE implementation are suggested for the future development of CE in China and for the ultimate goal of absolutely decoupling social economic development with resource use and environmental impact.