压煤村庄搬迁对农业生产的影响——以兖州市为例

我国的煤炭资源开采大部分都是采取井下开采的方式,该种开采方式在进行过程中容易引起覆岩层的原始平衡状态遭受破坏,同时伴随冒落、断裂或者弯曲等移动变形的情况出现,并最终涉及地表。到目前为止,由采矿引起的地面塌陷和地表开裂,已经导致了大量建筑物被破坏,给农民的生产生活带来了极大的不便,对农业生产的发展造成了极大的阻扰,减少了耕地,形成了社会的不稳定因素,严重影响地区的社会的发展与稳定。压煤村庄搬迁能改善矿区居民的生活环境和基础设施建设,加快小城镇建设和城乡一体化发展的进程,但是由于村庄搬迁引起的耕作半径增加,改变了从居住区到田地的距离,引起机械化程度、耕种方式和农业劳动力需求等变化,从而将在一定程度上影响本地区的社会稳定性,也会增加整个社会的就业压力。山东省是重要的产煤发展基地,村庄搬迁后远离耕地,为农民的往返与出入带来了不便。本文以兖州市已搬迁的八个村庄为研究对象,采取调查问卷的形式进行了实地调研,并将调查后的数据进行了分类统计与回归分析,运用SPSS软件进行Logit模型回归分析,最终确定主要生活来源和田间道路修建两个因子与农民从事农业生产的意愿存在密切的相关性,交通工具的变更与大型机械的配备对其也有较大的影响作用,研究结果可为该政府相关部门制定村庄搬迁和农业生产有着重要的理论指导意义。

Influence of coal mining village migration on agricultural production:a case of Yanzhou

Underground mining is the main exploitation method of coal resource in China.It usually causes the unbalance of Overlying Strata accompanying with the surface movement, such as falling, breaking and bending.So far, mining activities have led to the destruction of a large number of buildings due to subsidence and surface cracking.Moreover, they cause great inconvenience to living of farmers and obstacles of the development of agricultural production.The reduction of arable land has a seriously negative effect of social stability and development.The relocation of coal mining villages can improve the living environment and infrastructure construction of residents of mining areas.It accelerates the construction of small towns and development process of rural integration.However, the relocation leads to the increase of the radius of farming.The distance change from the residential area to the fields leads to the change on mechanization, farming methods and agricultural labor demand.These will affect the social stability in the region and to a certain extent, will increase pressure of unemployment.The study chooses eight villages of Yanzhou city of Shandong Province that have been relocated as the research objects by taking the questionnaire.With regression analysis of survey data, the study applies Logit model by using SPSS software.The results ultimately found that living source and the road construction are the two main factors which have strong correlation with the willingness of farmers engaged in agricultural production.Transport tools and change of large mechanical equipment also have great influence on arigulture production.The implication of results will provide theoretical suggestion to relevant government departments for developing the relocation of villages and agricultural production.