国家级重点生态功能区县生态系统生产总值核算研究——以阿尔山市为例

国家级重点生态功能区是国家重要的生态安全屏障,是保障生态系统稳定的重要区域,生态系统生产总值(GEP)是生态系统为人类福祉和经济社会可持续发展提供的产品与服务价值的总和。核算重点生态功能区县生态系统生产总值(GEP)不仅为揭示区域生态系统为人类福祉和经济社会发展贡献提供了新的手段,同时为完善限制开发区市县政府考核机制和离任审计提供了新的科学方法。本文以国家级重点生态功能区县——阿尔山市为例,运用市场价值法、影子工程法、替代成本法及旅游费用法等研究方法,对阿尔山市生态系统产品提供、调节服务、文化服务3大类11项服务功能进行核算,结果表明:(1)2014年,阿尔山市生态系统生产总值539.88亿元,就生态系统服务类别而言,调节服务价值最高,占88.44%;文化服务价值占8.72%;产品提供价值占2.83%。(2)就不同生态系统服务类型而言,气候调节功能价值最大,占45.33%;固碳释氧价值、水源涵养价值、洪水调蓄价值次之。(3)就不同生态系统类型而言,由大到小排序,森林湿地草地灌丛农田。其中,森林生态系统生产总值最高,占61.99%;湿地次之,占32.44%。

Gross ecosystem product accounting in the national key ecological function area: an example of Arxan

The national key ecological function area,as the important area to guarantee the ecosystem stability,is supposed to be the national important ecological security barrier.Gross ecosystem product (GEP) is defined as total values of ecosystem products and services for human welfare and sustainable development.In this paper,GEP of 11 ecological service functions in Arxan City,including ecosystem provisioning and ecological regulation services value as well as ecological cultural services value,was accounted as a case study through market valuation method,shadow project approach,substitute cost method and travel cost method.The evaluation results show that:① The GEP of Arxan in 2014 was 53.99 billion Yuan,including ecological regulation services value,accounting for 88.44％;ecological cultural services value,accounting for 8.72％ and ecological provisioning value,accounting for 2.83％.② Among 11 functional indexes,climate regulation value is the highest,accounting for 45.33 ％ of the total GEP.The following are the total value of carbon fixation and oxygen release,water conservation value and flood mitigation value.③ The GEP of different ecosystem is ordered from large to little as forest ＞ wetland ＞ grassland ＞ shmbland ＞ farmland.Among them,the highest GEP of forest ecosystem,accounting for 61.99％;the following is wetland ecosystem,accounting for 32.44％.GEP accounting in the national key ecological function area not only provides a new way to reveal ecosystem products and services for human welfare and sustainable development,but also suggests the new approach for city government to improve the appraisal mechanism and demission auditing for the restriction of area exploitation for development zone.