市场分割对能源效率的影响研究

探究能源效率的影响因素并有针对性地提出对策建议是实现"十三五"节能目标的前提条件。本文利用1986—2014年的省际面板数据,基于随机前沿分析和反事实计量方法,重点考察了市场分割对能源效率的影响。结果显示:1市场分割显著地抑制了能源效率的提升;2在考虑市场分割的情形下,能源效率从1986年的0.413提升到了2014年的0.739,年均增速为2.1%,但能源效率依然有较大的改善空间,如果能够消除市场分割的不利影响,能源效率平均每年将会获得1.5%的额外提升;3在样本考察期内,由于市场分割导致的直接能源损失平均每年约为1 200万t标准煤,若考虑市场分割产生的其他间接影响及其动态效应,这一数字估计值会更高;4产权结构改革、对外开放、产业结构升级以及节能法的颁布促进了能源效率的改善,而金融发展规模、政府干预以及以煤炭为主的能源消费结构不利于能源效率的提升。以上研究结论蕴含的政策含义是:为提高能源效率,需要加强市场一体化建设,打破省际壁垒,整合国内市场。鉴于市场分割可能是一些地方政府的占优策略,因此,需要中央政府来进行推动。一方面,中央政府可以通过加强监管和查处力度直接惩罚市场分割行为,另一方面,中央政府还可以通过转移支付的方式鼓励落后地区积极主动融入国内整体市场。当然,提高能源效率,也需要诸如推进产权结构改革,提高对外开放水平,优化产业结构与能源消费结构,改善金融发展效率,减少政府干预以及完善能源政策法规等其他措施的共同跟进。

Impact of market segmentation on energy efficiency

Exploring the influence factors of energy efficiency and giving targeted suggestions are the preconditions to realize energysaving goal of'13th Five Year Plan'.This article investigated the impact of market segmentation on energy efficiency based on stochastic frontier analysis and counterfactual econometric method by the provincial data from 1986 to 2014.It showed that:First,market segmentation blocked the promotion of energy efficiency significantly.Second,in the case of considering market segmentation,energy efficiency was ascended from 0.413 in 1986 to 0.739 in 2014,the average annual growth rate was 2.1％,but there was still big room for improvement.If the adverse impact caused by market segmentation was eliminated,energy efficiency would have 1.5％ additional ascension each year.Third,the direct energy loss that contributed to market segmentation was about 12 million tons of standard coal each year;if considering the other indirect impact of market segmentation and its dynamic effects,the estimated value will be much higher.Fourth,reforming property right structure,opening to the outside world,upgrading industrial structure and enacting the energy conservation law promote the improvement of energy efficiency;however,financial scale,government intervention and energy structure that mainly depend on coal hinder the improvement of energy efficiency.Based on the above conclusions,it put forward following policy implications:In order to improve energy efficiency,it should continue to strengthen the construction of market integration,break the provincial barrier and integrate the domestic market.Considering market segmentation may be some local government's dominant strategy,the central government should improve the market integration.On the one hand,the central government could strengthen supervision and punish market segmentation behavior directly.On the other hand,the central government could encourage developing regions actively integrating into the domestic market by means of transfer payment.In order to improve energy efficiency,some other measures are required,such as promoting the reform of property right structure,raising the level of opening to the outside world,optimizing the industrial structure and energy consumption structure,reducing government intervention,and perfecting energy policies and regulations.