“后补贴”时代地方政府新能源汽车补贴策略研究

新能源汽车补贴是政府为了发展新能源汽车产业所采取的一项激励政策。现有文献虽在微观层面上研究了政府补贴对新能源汽车推广的影响,但多将补贴政策限定为固定额度的政府补贴,未考虑中国特殊的两级政府补贴政策尤其是地方政府补贴对新能源汽车推广的影响,且在补贴政策的设计上未与新能源汽车的实际推广目标相结合。基于"后补贴"时代的地方政府既要实现新能源汽车推广目标又要保证补贴政策合理退坡的双重现实要求。本文依据当前中央政府为新能源汽车提供固定补贴,地方政府提供配套比例补贴以及制定价格补贴比例上限的现实情形,综合考虑新能源汽车成本、充电桩建设情况、消费者初始效用、中央政府补贴等因素对地方新能源汽车推广的影响,构建了地方政府为实现既定新能源汽车推广目标的最优补贴策略模型。研究表明:(1)对于不同效用水平的消费者,地方政府价格补贴比例上限和配套比例补贴对新能源汽车零售价格所起的作用不同;(2)地方政府补贴政策只有在小于或等于其最优配套比例或价格补贴比例上限时才会对新能源汽车推广产生正向影响。最后,还结合北京新能源汽车推广的实际情况进行了数值模拟,给出了在不同新能源汽车成本、充电桩建设情况、消费者初始效用下北京市政府为实现新能源汽车推广目标的最优补贴策略。数值模拟结果表明,当前北京新能源汽车存在地方配套比例过高、价格补贴比例上限过高等问题。在后补贴时代,北京市政府可依据新能源汽车成本下降、充电设施逐步完善、消费者初始效用提升等因素变化,对补贴进行适当退坡。数值模拟表明,所构造的最优补贴策略模型对后补贴时代地方政府新能源汽车补贴政策的制定具有较高的参考价值。

Local government subsidy strategy analysis for new energy vehicles under subsidies recession era

As an incentive policy,new energy vehicles subsidies are taken by the government to develop new energy vehicle industry.Although existing literature has studied the impact of subsidies for new energy vehicles,most literature limited the government subsidies to a fix amount,which didn't consider the special subsidy policy in China,especially how local governments exert influence to the promotion of new energy vehicles,and both central government subsidies and local government subsidies have not been well designed for consumers with a promotion target.Under subsidies recession era,local governments are not only to achieve promotion target of new energy vehicles but also to ensure a reasonable return subsidies slope.In this paper,considering cost of new energy vehicles,charging pile construction situation,the initial consumer utility,the central government subsidies and other factors that influence the promotion of new energy vehicles,we built an optimal subsidy policy model to help local governments to make subsidy decisions to achieve the established new energy automobile promotion goal.Our research showed that:①local government subsidy price rate limit and subsidy supporting proportion had different effects on new energy vehicles retail price according to different consumer utility levels.②Local government subsidy policy had a positive impact for new energy vehicles only if it was less than or equal to the optimal supporting proportion or price subsidy rate limit.Finally,this paper combined with the actual situation of the new energy vehicles promotion in Beijing and provided the optimal subsidy strategies in different costs,based on charging pile construction situation and the consumer initial utility.Numerical simulation results show that both supporting proportion and price subsidy rate limit are too high in current subsidy policy of Beijing.In subsidies recession era,the Beijing municipal government can make a reasonable return subsidies slope with the development of new energy vehicles costs,charging infrastructure and consumer initial utility.Numerical simulation shows that the constructed optimal subsidy policy model in this paper has high reference value in new energy vehicles subsidy decision making for local government.