IPCC框架下木质林产品碳储核算研究进展:方法选择及关联利益

木质林产品的碳储功能可有效降低大气中二氧化碳的浓度,其碳储量核算已被纳入气候变化缔约国温室气体清单报告,各国基于CBDR原则对木质林产品的碳储计量及贸易流动核算方法学在国家层面的争议及协调,关系到未来在气候变化谈判中的减排责任分配及利益分享。本文首先概括了IPCC历次会议关联木质林产品碳储核算议题及谈判进程,纵向梳理了碳储计量问题的研究进展。其次,对比不同国家和地区关于核算方法的应用及争议,总结不同核算方法在各国间的适用情况及其关联利益。最后,从清单报告和国际贸易角度分析了生产法与储量变化法对林产品碳储计量的不同影响,归纳了不同角度下两种核算方法的适用属性。研究表明:1缔约国附件Ⅰ国家在第二协议期内报告本国木质林产品的碳储量及其变化,在假设本国木质林产品碳储贡献不为零时采用生产法核算碳储量,核算源于本国采伐木的产品碳收支已成为当前缔约国履行气候责任的基本要求;2从清单报告的角度,缔约国基于森林管理参考水平报告碳储量,生产法区别森林管理活动并核算源于可持续森林经营管理的木质林产品碳储量,符合报告的要求;3从国际贸易角度,对于中国等涉及林产品国际贸易的净进口国,储量变化法因考虑到进出口的碳计量,以储量变化法核算碳储量对中国等林产品贸易大国更具优势。

Reviews of carbon accounting for HWP based on IPCC framework: approach selections and the relevant interests

Carbon stock in harvested wood products (HWP) can effectively reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which has been included in the national GHG inventories.From the national level, the disputes and coordination of the carbon accounting approaches and trade flows accounting approaches of HWP, which are based on the 'Common but Differentiated Responsibility'(CBDR) principle, have impacts on the allocation of emission reduction responsibilities and the distributions of benefits on the parties' future climate change negotiations.This article first summarized the IPCC conferences which are relevant to HWP carbon stock accounting as well as the negotiation process, and reviewed the development process vertically.Second, it compared the application and disputes of accounting approaches in different countries and regions, and made a summary of the approaches' application and their related interests.Lastly, the different effects of Production Approach(PA) and Stock Change Approach(SCA) on the estimation of carbon storage in HWP were analyzed from the point of view of inventory report and international trade, and the applicable properties of the two methods were summarized.Results are as follows: ①During the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol(KP), AnnexⅠcountries should include the HWP carbon stock in the inventories.The parties should estimate the stock changes using PA if a party does not want to report their contribution of HWP as zero.And then estimating carbon stock change of HWP that are produced by domestic harvested wood becomes a basic requirement for the parties when it comes to mitigation responsibilities.②From the perspective of reporting, AnnexⅠcountries are required to report the carbon stock of HWP at the forest management reference level.PA makes a distinguish from forest management activities and estimates carbon of HWP from sustainable forests, which is in compliance with the requirements of reporting.③From the perspective of international trade, because of considering the carbon stock changes from HWP import and export, SCA is more beneficial to the largest trading countries such as China and other countries.