土地资源错配及经济效率损失研究

长期以来,政府主导下的土地资源配置模式为中国的城镇化、工业化快速发展提供了强有力的支撑,但同时也伴随着土地制度和政策不完善引致的土地资源配置扭曲,不同用地单位之间土地资源配置效率差异较大,不同用地单位之间的土地资源错配致使总体经济效率损失巨大。调研组通过实地随机抽样问卷调查,获取了四大产业不同类型的607个样本企业生产经营活动相关的投入产出数据,基于C-D生产函数理论,构建土地资源配置及经济效率损失测度模型,测算不同类型企业的土地资源要素错配程度及由此导致的经济效率损失。测算结果显示,环保、生物和高端装备制造产业的土地资源要素投入的相对扭曲系数都大于1,光电子信息产业系数小于1;土地资源错配造成光电子信息产业总体上经济效率损失达10.23%,高端装备制造产业达13.82%,生物产业和环保节能产业都超过了20%。研究表明,不同类型企业之间的土地资源要素投入对企业总体经济产出的贡献率存在显著差异性;同类型企业的土地资源要素配置的相对扭曲系数不同,即土地资源的错配程度不同;从用地规模大小角度分析,同类型企业用地规模大的土地资源要素的相对扭曲系数要明显高于用地规模小的企业,用地规模越大土地资源错配程度越严重;从土地资源错配造成企业经济效率损失测算结果来看,土地资源要素投入相对扭曲系数越大的企业,土地资源错配导致总体经济效率损失越大;在各类型企业的技术和规模效率不变的条件下,不增加资源要素投入,通过纠正企业的土地资源错配,能够有效地提升企业的经济效率。

Study on land resources distorted allocation and economic efficiency loss

For a long time,the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in China was strongly supported by the typical pattern of land resource allocation which is dominated by government.At the same time,along with this rapid development,there comes distorted allocation of land resources,which is caused by the imperfect land system and policy.The efficiency of land resource allocation varies among different enterprises,and the distorted allocation of land resources among different enterprises has resulted in huge loss of overall economic efficiency.Using random sampling survey,we obtained 607 samples in regard to input and output from different types of enterprises.Based on the theory of Cobb-Douglas production function,we constructed an econometric model to measure mismatch degrees of land resources in different kinds of enterprises,and the economic efficiency loss as well.The calculation results show that the relative distortion coefficient of land resources in types of enterprises of environmental protection,biological and high-end equipment manufacturing are greater than 1,and the relative distortion coefficient of land resources in types of enterprises of optoelectronic information is less than 1.Overall economic efficiency losses of the photoelectron information industry amounted to 10.23％,caused by land resources mismatch;the high-end equipment manufacturing industry reached 13.82％.Bio-industry and energy-saving environmental protection industry is more than 20％.Results show that there is a sharp difference in the contribution of land resources to total economic output among different types of enterprises.The relative distortion coefficient of land resource allocation in different types of enterprises is different,indicating that the degree of land resources mismatch is different.For the same type of enterprises,the enterprises,with greater land scale,have higher relative coefficient of land resources allocation distortion.This also implies that the greater the land use scale,the higher mismatch degree of land resources,and the higher value of the relative distortion coefficient,the greater loss of the overall economic efficiency.