中国新能源汽车产业的政策变迁与政策工具选择

伴随着新能源汽车产业的发展,中国政府有关新能源汽车产业政策也在不断地跟进。梳理相关产业政策变迁之中的内在逻辑,分析政策工具的选择是一项极为重要的任务。本文基于政策框架理论及其分析方法,对有关新能源汽车研究文献进行了分析,将关注重点从政策的评价转到从历史的角度关注新能源政策变迁的推动力上。政策变迁是与其动力因素密切相关的,这些动力因素又总是体现为政策变迁的主导力量。在中国新能源汽车产业的政策变迁历程中,其主导力量或政策制定的主要影响因素不断变化,中国新能源汽车的发展政策也可以分为政府主导、汽车厂商主导和消费者主导的三个阶段。政策变迁体现了政策本身的社会价值。基于中国新能源汽车发展的各种不同政策要素及其相关性,本文发现,在中国新能源汽车产业的组织性政策工具、管制性政策工具、经济诱因性政策工具、信息性政策工具和资源性政策工具这五个方面,经济诱因性工具和信息性工具应该是推动新能源汽车产业的关键工具,组织性和管制性工具只适用于产业化初期,后期应逐渐减少,而自愿性工具在新能源汽车产业市场完善前不提倡使用,在该产业市场得到完善后可以成为政府的选择之一。经过研究发现,在新能源汽车产业发展过程中,政府应注意自身的作用范围,适当处理市场与政府规制的便捷,降低交易成本,提高规制效率,是未来产业化政策工具选择应重点关注的环节。同时,政府必须在政策上致力于技术创新,把通过技术创新推动新能源汽车产业发展作为重要的政策目标。

Policy changes and policy instruments selection of China's new energy vehicle industry

The development of new energy vehicle (hereafter as NEV) industry in China has been a more and more significant force for the development of automobile industry.With the development of the NEV industry,the NEV-related industrial policy from the Chinese government has been updated.Carding the inner logic of the changes of the NEV-related policy,analysis of the policy instruments selection is crucial.Based on the policy framework theory and its analytical method,the present article analyses the NEV-related researches,changes the concentration from the policy evaluation to the impetus of the changes of the NEV-related policy from a historical perspective,and to test the factors that promote the changes of NEV-related policy.Policy changes are tightly related to its impetus factors,and these impetus factors are always shown as the leading power of the policy changes.In the changing history NEV-related policy,its leading power or the main influence factors of the policing making procedure are always change.The NEV-related policy could be divided into the government leading stage,the automobile manufacturers leading stage,and the customers leading stage.The changes of policy show the social value of the policy itself.Based on the different policy elements and their correlations in the NEV development,the current paper found that,in the organizational policy instruction,regulatory policy instrument,economic incentive policy instrument,informational policy instrument,and voluntary policy instrument of the NEV-related policies,economic incentive policy instrument and informational policy instrument should be the key instruments to promote the development of NEV industry.Organizational and regulatory policy instruments are appropriate for the early stage of the industrialization and should be decreased in the later stage.Voluntary policy instrument can be a significant choice when the market has been completed.In the development of the NEV industry,the government should care about its sphere of actions,deal with the border of the governmental regulation appropriately,decrease the trade cost,and increase the regulation efficiency.Also,government should devote itself to the technological innovation,and promote the development of NEV industry through the technological innovation.