资源环境承载力研究进展:基于地理学综合研究的视角

资源环境承载力作为连接社会系统、环境系统与经济系统之间的纽带,是协调人口、资源与环境相互联系、又彼此相对独立的矛盾统一体的关键所在。资源环境承载力是地理学综合研究的重要方向。综合性与区域性、人地关系是支撑其发展的重要理论框架。本文对国内外资源环境承载力的研究进展、存在问题和发展趋势进行了详尽的综述。国内外资源环境承载力研究经近百年发展,从最初的单一的土地资源承载力、水资源承载力甚至农业资源承载力发展到资源承载力、环境承载力以及生态环境承载力。近几十年,生态足迹、虚拟水、能值分析等综合研究理论与方法兴起,极大地推动了资源环境承载力研究的定量化和模式化。目前,资源环境承载力的研究面临着一系列新的要求和挑战。主要表现在:资源环境承载力理论基础、学科范式和方法体系尚需继续完善;若干关键科学问题(包括:尺度效应、关键阈值、变化机制等)亟待解答;基础研究需要与实践应用加强联系等等。在此基础上,本文主张从地理学综合视角重新审视资源环境承载力研究的理论框架和今后研究的优先主题。通过建构资源环境承载力的地理学综合研究范式,能够拓展资源环境承载力的理论深度和广度,有助于提升资源环境承载力在国民经济社会发展中的应用水平。本研究提出未来相关研究应围绕以下优先主题开展:(1)资源环境承载力关键要素的变化及驱动机制;(2)资源环境承载力综合评价的理论与方法;(3)资源环境承载力的动态监测与预警;(4)基于资源环境承载力的国土功能区划与管控;(5)重点区域的资源环境承载力的恢复与提升途径。

Research progress of resources and environmental carrying capacity: from the perspective of the comprehensive study of geography

As the significant bond connecting between social system,environment system and economic system,the resources and environmental carrying capacity is the key issue to coordinate the contradictory unity of population,resources and environment,which interact with each other and relatively independent from each other.It is an important research topic of comprehensive geography.Comprehensive,regional and human-land relationship is the important theoretical framework to support its development.After many years of development at home and abroad,the research on the carrying capacity of resources and environment has been developing from some initial single factor concepts,such as Land Resource Carrying Capacity,Water Resource Carrying Capacity,and even Agricultural Resources Carrying Capacity to more comprehensive concepts,i.e.Resource Carrying Capacity,Environmental Carrying Capacity and Eco-environmental Carrying Capacity.In recent decades,the theories and methods of Ecological Footprint,Virtual Water,Emergy Analysis and the others have greatly promoted the quantification and modelization of RECC research.At present,the study of resources and environment carrying capacity is facing a series of new requirements and challenges:theory basis,subject paradigms and methodologies still need to improve;Some key scientific problems (including scale effects,key thresholds,change mechanisms,etc.) need to be answered urgently;the links of basic research and practical application need to be strengthen ties;and so on.In this paper,the author reviewed in detail about the research progress,existing problems and development trends of RECC at home and abroad.Then the article re-examines the theoretical framework and the research priorities in the future from the perspective of integrated geography.By constructing a comprehensive geography research paradigm,it is possible to expand the theoretical depth and breadth of the RECC,and to improve the application level of RECC in national economic and social development.This study suggests that future research should focus on the following priority themes:①the change and driving mechanism of the key factors of RECC;② the comprehensive evaluation theory and method of RECC;③the dynamic monitoring and early warning of RECC;④the territorial function zoning and controlling based on RECC;⑤the restore and enhance way of RECC for key areas.