贵州喀斯特地质背景异常区农产品中氟镉暴露水平及健康风险评估

研究贵州喀斯特高地质背景对农产品中F、Cd含量水平的影响,评价农产品F、Cd暴露对不同人群的健康风险。以7个市州为研究区域,采集255个样品(110个水稻、130个玉米、15个马铃薯),分别采用氟离子选择电极法及电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定样品中F、Cd含量。参照靶标危害系数(THQ)和危害系数(HI)对儿童及成人的健康风险进行评价。结果表明,大米、玉米及马铃薯中Cd含量为0.003～0.629、0.000～0.556、0.016～0.153 mg/kg;F含量分别在0.130～1.970、0.357～4.717、0.557～1.058 mg/kg之间。大米、玉米及马铃薯分别有19.09%、23.08%、26.70%的样品Cd含量超过阈值(0.2、0.1、0.1 mg/kg,GB2762-2017)。大米中氟镉含量呈正相关(r=0.376,p＜0.01),玉米中呈负相关(r=-0.391,p＜0.01)。不同作物的THQ和HI显示,儿童和成人摄食大米的风险大于玉米和马铃薯。儿童及成人摄食大米后THQ_Cd、THQ_F、HI分别为:0.965、 0.073、0.970;0.799、0.060、0.859,儿童及成人摄食玉米后THQ_Cd、THQ_F、HI分别为:0.430、0.185、0.422;0.121、0.052、0.173,儿童及成人摄食马铃薯后THQ_Cd、THQ_F、HI分别为:0.020、0.069、0.024;0.008、0.019、0.028。研究结果表明贵州省农产品受不同程度氟镉污染,食用当地生产的农作物具有潜在的健康风险,且儿童风险大于成人。

Exposure Level and Health Risk Assessment of Cadmium and Fluoride in Agricultural Products at Abnormal Karst Background Area in Guizhou Province

The influence of high karst geological background on the levels of fluoride (F) and cadmium (Cd) in agricultural products in Guizhou province was studied and the health risks of F and Cd in agricultural products to different populations were also evaluated. A total of 255 samples (110 rice, 130 corn, 15 potato) from 7 cities were collected and the concentrations of F and Cd were measured by fluoride ion selective electrode method and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. The health risks to children and adults were evaluated by using the target risk quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) methods. The results showed that the concentration ranges of Cd in rice, corn and potato were 0.003-0.629, 0.000-0.556 and 0.016-0.153 mg/kg, respectively; the concentrations for F is on the ranges of 0.130-1.970, 0.357-4.717, 0.557-1.058 mg/kg. In rice, corn and potato samples, 19.09%, 23.08%, and 26.70% of Cd exceeded the threshold (0.2 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, GB2762-2017). The concentrations of F was positively correlated to Cd in rice (r=0.376) while in corn were negatively correlated (r=-0.391). The results of THQ and HI in three crops showed that children and adults had greater risks of rice intake than corn and potato (rice: the THQ_Cd, THQ_F and HI were 0.965, 0.073, 0.970 for children and 0.799, 0.065,0.859 for adults; corn: The THQ_Cd, THQ_F and HI were 0.430, 0.185, 0.422 for children and 0.121, 0.052, 0.173 for adults; potato: the THQ_Cd THQ_F and HI were 0.020, 0.069, 0.023 for children and 0.008, 0.019, 0.027 for adults). In conclusion, our study showed that agricultural products in Guizhou were contaminated by F and Cd at varying degrees, and there are potential health risks by intaking local agricultural products, in addition, the health risks for children were higher than adults.