电动修复技术去除土壤重金属污染研究进展

电动修复技术可能是唯一可行的低渗透性污染土壤原位修复方法,受到广泛关注。本文尝试总结论述了电动修复技术去除土壤重金属污染的相关研究进展,介绍了电动修复技术的基本原理及局限性,探讨比较各种强化电动修复技术的方法,包括电极接近法、交换电极法、离子交换膜、电场强化法(垂直电场、交流电场、脉冲电场)、试剂强化法(pH调节、螯合剂、表面活性剂),重点阐述目前新的螯合剂和表面活性剂的开发研究状况,以及电动修复目前主要的联用技术类型(电动-淋洗、电动-植物、电动-微生物、电动-可渗透反应墙)。此外,简要论述了电动修复对变价金属(Hg、Cr、As)的修复效果。最后在回顾总结该技术研究的基础上,对电动修复技术在去除土壤重金属污染的发展方向进行展望。

A Review of Heavy Metal Removal from Soil by Electrokinetic Remediation

Electrokinetic remediation (EK) is getting more attention because it may be the only feasible method in situ remediation of low-permeability contaminated soil. The review introduced the basic principles and limitations of EK and the research progress of removing heavy metals in soil by EK. Various enhanced EK, including approaching electrode, polarity exchange, ion exchange membrane, enhanced electric field (e.g., vertical, alternating, pulsed electrokinetics), adding reagents (e.g., pH control, chelators, surfactants), are compared. It focused on the current development of new chelators and surfactants, as well as the main combined technologies (EK-washing, EK-phytoremediation, EK-bioremediation, EK-PRB). In addition, the effects of EK on variable valency metals (Hg, Cr, As) are also discussed. Finally, the development direction of EK remediation technology in removing soil heavy metal pollution is prospected.