中国水资源利用效率评估及区域差异研究

水资源危机、水环境恶化已成为我国所面临的严峻挑战,对我国的水资源利用效率进行科学合理的评价,并且讨论造成区域差异的影响因素显得尤为迫切。在全要素生产框架下,将环境要素纳入到效率分析中,利用数据包络分析模型,采用省级层面统计数据,以资本、劳动力和水资源使用量为投入,以国内生产总值与废水排放量为产出,计算我国2000~2011年区域水资源利用效率。研究发现,在时间序列上,我国各省份之间的用水效率差距逐年增大;在空间上,我国的水资源利用效率存在明显的东、中、西部区域差异。进一步研究发现,产业结构、经济发展水平、水资源禀赋、水的基础设施投入对区域水资源利用效率均有显著影响,而水价并没有对水资源利用效率产生显著影响。

Evaluation of Water Resource Utilization Efficiency and Its Regional Difference in China

Crisis of water resource and deterioration of water environment have become an increasingly severe problem in China, so it is quite stringent to carry out scientific and reasonable evaluation of water resource utilization efficiency and discussion of related influencing factors in regional difference in China. In this paper, under the framework of total-factor productivity, environmental factors are integrated into efficiency analysis. By use of data envelopment analysis model and adoption of the statistic data in provincial level, regional water resource utilization efficiency from 2000 to 2011 is calculated with capital, labor force and water consumption as input and GDP and wastewater discharge as output. The results show that from the temporal perspective, differences in water utilization efficiency of the provinces in China have been widened increasingly year by year, and from the spatial perspective, there exist obvious regional disparities among East China, Central China and West China. Further results show that such factors as industrial structure, economic development level, water resource endowment and water infrastructure input have significant influences on regional water resource utilization efficiency, while water price has no much effect on it.