气候变化与海洋弧菌疾病的关系

以弧菌为疾病模型代表,综述了气候变化对海洋弧菌疾病的影响,指出温度是其主要影响因素,在此基础上探讨了气候变化对海洋弧菌疾病的影响机制:海水温度升高,弧菌致病因子表达上调,致病性增强;海水温度升高,弧菌分布范围扩大,暴发高峰提前,感染时间延长;海水温度升高,弧菌载体的分布范围扩大,间接影响弧菌的分布范围;海平面升高,海水入侵,内陆水体盐度增加,与之相对应的是气候变化带来更加频繁的降雨,导致河口及滨海湿地的盐分减少,弧菌适宜生存的范围扩大;宿主为应对海水温度升高而进行一系列生理调节,改变宿主对弧菌的易感性。在综述国外相关研究的基础上,提出了该领域今后的几个研究方向,为我国海洋弧菌类疾病的预防与管理提供有价值的参考。

The review of the relationship between climate change and marine vibrio diseases

This paper took vibrio as a model of disease, summarized the impact of climate change on marine disease.We proposed that surface seawater temperature was the most important determination of climate change to marine disease.Based on this, the main mechanisms of how climate change infecting marine vibrio illness were discussed as followed:The first one was several virulence factors of vibrio would up-regulate owing to ocean warming, then followed by their pathogenicity increase.The second one was when ocean warming occurred, the temporal and spatial distribution of vibrio expanded, their outbreak peaks advanced, and the infecting time prolonged.The third one was indirect effect, the mechanism was altering the distribution scale of vibrio hosts in the aquatic environment, therefore, the distribution scale of vibrio expanded consequently.The fourth one was due to the sea level rising, seawater intrusion happened.The result was the salinity of inland waters increased, which produced the enlargement of vibrio optimal distribution scale.On the contrary, because of climate change, the more frequent high rainfall happened, the salinity of inland waters would decrease, the result was same as above.The last one was the host regulated a series of metabolisms in order to reply ocean warming, then their susceptibility to vibrio followed.Basic on the review of these former reports, we put forward several future suggestions about this research field, looking forward to provide a valuable reference for the prevention and regulation of vibrio disease in marine.