纳米聚丙烯-丙烯酸酯改性材料的制备及其吸油性能研究

以纳米聚丙烯(nano-polypropylene,PP)为基体,丙烯酸丁酯为单体,采用紫外辐射方法制备高吸油性复合材料(butyl acrylate grafted nano-polypropylene,BAPP)。试验确定的最佳制备条件为:辐照时间1 h,单体浓度33.3%,光敏剂浓度0.2%,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对改性前后样品的结构进行了表征,结果表明丙烯酸丁酯被成功接枝到纳米聚丙烯纤维上。考察了接枝率、吸附时间、吸附温度和pH值等对改性纳米聚丙烯材料吸油性能的影响,改性纳米聚丙烯对机油的吸附符合二级动力学模型。实验数据显示,常温下纳米聚丙烯和改性材料对原油的吸油量分别为35.5 g/g和28.5 g/g,改性后的材料吸油性能明显改善。温度对改性纳米聚丙烯纤维的吸油率有明显影响,与油品种类及粘度有关系,随着pH值的升高,改性纳米聚丙烯纤维对机油的吸油率迅速增加。

Experimental investigation of nano-polypropylene fiber grafted by UV radiation as sorbent materials for oil spills

The nano-polypropylene(PP) fiber was modified with n-butyl acrylate bymeans of ultraviolet(UV) radiation to obtain a new highly oil-absorbing material.The optimum conditions determined by orthogonal experiment were as follows:irradiation time,concentrations of monomer n-butyl acrylate and photosensitizer diphenylmethanone were 1 h,33.3% and 0.2%,respectively.The original and grafted fibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectrometer and the results indicated that n-butyl acrylate had been successfully grafted onto the surface of PP fiber.Oil absorption capacity was investigated at different grafting degree,time,temperature and pH value.The adsorption kinetic data for motor oil coule be well described pseudo-second order rate model.Experimental data showed that absorption capacity of nano polypropylene and modified materials for motor oil were 35.5 and 28.5,respectively.The adsorption properties of modified materials was significantly improved after grated.Temperature had obvious influence on the oil absorption of the modified nano polypropylene fiber,which is related to the oil type and viscosity.With the increasing of pH value,adsorption capacity of oilmodified nano polypropylene fiber increased rapidly.