抗大气复合污染的城市森林植物初步筛选

大气复合污染成为我国最主要的城市病之一.城市森林建设的植物选择除了达到景观要求和色彩效果外,根据各城市需求选择对污染物综合抗性阈值大的树种,成为当今环境污染背景下维持城市森林生态功能可持续发展的保障.综合分析我国常见城市森林537种植物对二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氟化氢、氯气、臭氧和颗粒物这6种大气污染物的吸附吸收能力,并对植物进行抗性赋值和综合因子分析,得出对大气复合污染综合抗性能力较强的树种主要为桑树、侧柏和臭椿等;对大气复合污染综合抗性中等的树种主要为毛白杨、五角枫、圆柏、山桃、垂柳、泡桐和油松等;对大气复合污染综合抗性相对较弱的树种主要为刺槐、加杨、银杏、核桃、悬铃木、栾树、紫薇和连翘等.根据中国南北方各城市气候背景、经济结构和空气污染特点,因地制宜选择对当地主要空气污染物吸收量较大的植物种类,充分发挥城市森林群落对复合空气污染物的最大净化效果.

Preliminary Screening for the Urban Forest Against Combined Air Pollution

Combined air pollution has become one of the most important city diseases in China. The construction of an urban forest not only needs landscape aesthetics, but also requires selecting a plant of high comprehensive tolerance threshold based on the needs of the ecological environment of each city, which has become a standard to maintain the sustainable development of the urban forest ecological function under environmental pollution. According to the comprehensive factor analysis of the sorption and absorption capacity of 537 plants to six air pollutants (i.e., sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, chlorine, ozone, and particulate matters), the results showed that the tree species with strong comprehensive tolerance ability to six air pollutants were Morus alba, Platycladus orientalis, and Ailanthus altissima; the tree species with medium comprehensive tolerance ability were Populus tomentosa, Acer truncatum, Sabina chinensis, Amygdalus davidiana, Salix babylonica, Paulownia fortunei, and Pinus tabulaeformis; the trees species with relatively weak comprehensive tolerance ability were Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus×canadensis, Ginkgo biloba, Juglans regia, Platanus acerifolia, Koelreuteria paniculata, Lagerstroemia indica, and Forsythia suspensa. According to the characteristics of climate, economic structure, and air pollutants of the cities in the north and south of China, the urban forest should be constructed using selected species with a strong comprehensive tolerance ability to achieve maximum purification effect of the urban forest ecological service function.