北京市农业机械排放因子与排放清单

利用车载排放测试技术对典型的联合收割机、拖拉机、农用运输车和农田建设机械实际工况下的尾气进行测试,建立了实际工况下农业机械的排放因子和2017年北京市农用机械排放清单.结果表明,不同的工作状态对农业机械尾气排放有较大的影响,怠速和行走时CO、NO_x、HC和PM排放趋于平稳;而切地和翻地模式下的波动较为明显.根据各类机械的分类和排放标准对排放因子进行细化,建立了较为完整的实际工况下的排放因子.根据农业机械排放因子和燃油消耗量计算出2017年北京市CO、NO_x、HC和PM的排放量分别是2 566.60、 1 239.29、 563.08和538.32 t.拖拉机、运输机械和联合收割机的污染物总量占CO、NO_x、HC和PM这4种污染物总量的98%、 95%、 95%和98%.因此,农用拖拉机、运输机械和联合收割机在农业机械污染减排中应作为重点控制对象.

Emission Factors and Emission Inventory of Agricultural Machinery in Beijing Under Real-world Operation

This study aimed to establish the emission factors and the emission inventory of agricultural machinery in Beijing in 2017 under real-world operation. The emissions of typical harvesters, tractors, agricultural transport vehicles, and farm construction machinery under real-world operation were tested by a portable emission measurement system. The results showed that different operation modes have a greater impact on the tailpipe emissions of agricultural machinery. The CO, NO_x, HC, and PM emissions were relatively stable when the engine is idling and moving compared to when the excavator is performing actual work. According to the classification and emission standards of various types of machinery, a relatively perfect emission factor system of agricultural machinery in Beijing was established, which can provide reference and support for relevant research and management decisions. According to the emission factors of agricultural machinery and fuel consumption in Beijing, the emissions of CO, NO_x, HC, and PM in 2017 were 2566.60, 1239.29, 563.08, and 538.32 t, respectively. The total pollutants of transport machinery, tractors, and combined harvester accounted for 98%, 95%, 95%, and 98% of the total concentrations of CO, NO_x, HC, and PM, respectively. Therefore, transport machinery, tractor, and combined harvester should be the key control objects in the reduction of agricultural machinery pollution.