桉树枝条生物炭输入对桂北桉树人工林酸化土壤的作用效果

探讨桉树枝条生物炭对桂北桉树人工林土壤理化性质的影响及其不同施用量的应用效果,为桉树人工林枝条等林业废弃物资源的合理利用以及土壤改良提供科学依据.选择广西北部低山丘陵地区4 a生桉树人工林土壤为研究对象,通过桉树枝条废弃物500℃厌氧制备生物炭,基于小区定位试验,分别输入质量分数为0(CK)、 0.5%(T1)、 1.0%(T2)、 2%(T3)、 4%(T4)和6%(T5)这6个比例的桉树枝条生物炭,输入1 a后对不同处理下桉树人工林土壤理化性质进行测定.结果表明,相对于对照0～30cm土层,随着桉树枝条生物炭输入量的增加,降低了土壤容重,平均降幅为3.82%～33.55%;增加了土壤自然含水量、毛管孔隙度和总毛管孔隙含量,增幅分别为7.67%～31.75%、 8.95%～33.19%和9.28%～35.86%,不同处理间差异显著.生物炭显著降低了土壤交换性酸、交换性铝、交换性氢和交换性钠含量,降幅分别为8.28%～70.03%、 5.55%～70.34%、 5.10%～21.78%和12.81%～49.27%;增加了土壤阳离子交换量、电导率、交换性钙和交换性镁含量,增幅分别为27.08%～160.39%、 117.00%～546.64%、 17.10%～66.14%和17.38%～71.38%;提高了土壤pH值,增加了0.17～1.29个单位.桉树枝条生物炭输入林地土壤后,显著增加了土壤有机碳、全磷、全钾、速效磷、速效钾和速效氮含量,增幅分别为10.94%～51.37%、 14.29%～59.45%、 6.48%～59.57%、 6.28%～29.41%、 4.79%～19.81%和7.72%～75.87%.土壤主要物理因子之间、化学因子之间、土壤理化指标两两之间绝大部分存在正相关关系,相互影响.总体上,桉树枝条生物炭短期内有利于缓解桉树人工林地土壤的酸化趋势,对改善土壤理化性质和提高养分含量有积极的正效应和调控作用,促进了土壤的保水保肥能力.综合考虑, 4%～6%的生物炭输入量是提高土壤肥力水平的最优处理,研究结果对土壤改良、林地生态环境改善以及桉树人工林可持续经营具有重要的实践意义.

Effects of Eucalyptus Branches Biochar Application on Soil Physicochemical Properties of Acidified Soil in a Eucalyptus plantation in Northern Guangxi

This study aims to explore the effects of different biochar applications on soil physical and chemical properties in a Eucalyptus plantation in Northern Guangxi, find the best biochar application amount, and provide scientific guidance for the efficient utilization of forest residue and soil improvement. The soil of a four-year Eucalyptus plantation at the Huangmian forest farm in Northern Guangxi was selected as the study area, and six treatments including 0 (CK), 0.5% (T1), 1.0% (T2), 2% (T3), 4% (T4), and 6% (T5) were set through a field-positioning experiment to analyze the changes in soil physical and chemical properties under different application rates. Compared with the 0-30 cm soil layer of the control treatment, biochar application decreased the mean soil bulk by 3.82%-33.55%, while it increased the soil natural water content, capillary porosity, and total capillary porosity by 7.67%-31.75%, 8.95%-33.19%, and 9.28%-35.86%, respectively. The contents of exchangeable acid, exchangeable aluminum, exchangeable hydrogen, and exchangeable sodium in the soil decreased by 8.28%-70.03%, 5.55%-70.34%, 5.10%-21.78%, and 12.81%-49.27%. Biochar application increased the cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable calcium by 27.08%-160.39%, 117.00%-546.64%, 17.10%-66.14%, and 17.38%-71.38%, respectively. Soil pH increased by 0.17-1.29 after biochar addition. Similarly, the contents of soil organic carbon, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium increased by 10.94%-51.37%, 14.29%-59.45%, 6.48%-59.57%, 6.28%-29.41%, 4.79%-19.81%, and 7.72%-75.87%. There was a positive correlation among the main physical and chemical factors. The physical and chemical properties reached their maximum values in the T4 or T5 treatment (4% or 6%). Biochar application provided considerable relief from soil acidification in the Eucalyptus plantation and had a positive effect on soil physicochemical properties. The addition 4%-6% of ripe Eucalyptus biochar produced the optimum results. The results show that biochar can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, increase soil fertility, and enhance the soil''s ability to retain water and fertilizer after twelve months. The findings of this study can be used as a reference in practical applications for soil improvement and sustainable management of Eucalyptus plantations.