Dietary and sociodemographic determinants of bisphenol A urine concentrations in pregnant women and children |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain;2. Hospital del Mar, Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain;3. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain;4. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain;5. Laboratory of Medical Investigations, San Cecilio University Hospital, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;6. Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Germany;7. Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, USA;8. Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain;1. Population Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada;2. Chemicals Surveillance Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada;3. Le Centre de Toxicologie du Québec, Institut nationale de Santé Publique Québec, Québec, Canada;4. Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada;5. Sainte Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure during early life may have endocrine-disrupting effects, but the dietary and sociodemographic predictors of BPA exposure during pregnancy and childhood remain unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the correlations between, and sociodemographic and dietary predictors of, serial urinary BPA concentrations measured during pregnancy and childhood in a Spanish birth cohort study. BPA was measured in two spot urine samples collected from 479 women during the first and third trimester of pregnancy and in one urine sample from their 4-year old children (n = 130). Average dietary intakes were reported in food frequency questionnaires during the first and third pregnancy trimester and at age 4 years. Multivariate mixed models and linear regression models were used to estimate associations between sociodemographic and dietary factors and BPA concentrations. A small, but statistically significant correlation was found between serial maternal BPA concentrations measured during pregnancy (r = 0.17). Pregnant women who were younger, less-educated, smoked, and who were exposed to second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) had higher BPA concentrations than others. BPA concentrations were also higher in children exposed to SHS. High consumption of canned fish during pregnancy was associated with 21% GM ratio = 1.21; 95%CI 1.02, 1.44] and 25% GM ratio = 1.25; 95%CI 1.05, 1.49] higher urinary BPA concentrations in the first and third pregnancy trimester, respectively, compared to the lowest consumption group. This study suggests that canned fish may be a major source of BPA during pregnancy in Spain, a country of high canned fish consumption. Further evaluation of specific BPA exposure sources in the sociodemographic group of younger women who smoke, are exposed to SHS, and have a low educational level is needed. Studies identifying sources of exposure would benefit from repeat BPA measurements and questionnaires specifically focused on dietary and packaging sources. |
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