我国地质环境与社会经济的物质流分析

论文利用物质流分析方法对2000~2005年我国地质环境与社会经济的物质流进行了核算与分析。结果表明:近年我国社会经济发展从地质环境获取的物质需求总量呈增加态势,2005年达到了439.6×10⁸t,显著超过了国外主要发达国家,致使我国地质环境压力不断增大;我国经济增长在依赖于地质资源的同时,物质生产力从240.9元/t增长到416.5元/t,但与主要发达国家相比,我国经济发展仍属于资源消耗型,可持续发展能力较低;我国人均物质消耗量为33.6t,明显低于主要发达国家,按照发达国家人均物质消耗量开发地质资源将远远超过我国的地质环境承载力,决定了我国只能走资源节约型的经济发展道路。

Material Flow Analysis from and to Its Geo-environment for the National Economy in China

This paper introduced the relations between geo-environment and regional economy, and classified the material flows from and to the geo-environment for a regional economy. With the aim to provide a useful and comprehensive understanding for decision-making in geo-environmental management, this paper estimated material flow data from and to its geo-environment for the socio-economy in China from 2000 to 2005 using the method of material flow analysis. During the six years, the total material requirement of the socio-economy from the geo-environment rose up to 43957 million tons in 2005, much higher than those in the main developed countries such as USA, Germany, Japan, etc. Direct material input from the geo-environment increased to 7438 million tons in 2005, up from 4769 million tons in 2000. Material flow caused by infrastructure construction ranged 25178-28593 million tons, accounting for 59.0%-69.4% of the total material requirement, which became the greatest driving force for the geo-environmental degeneration. The huge material input exerted a greater pressure on domestic geo-environment than in any comparable period before. Although material productivity increased from 240.9yuan/t to 416.5yuan/t, the growth of the economic development in China greatly depended on the exploitation and development of its geological resources, and its sustainability was much lower than the main developed countries. The average material consumption per capita was 33.6 t in 2005, obviously much lower than those in the developed countries. The carrying capacity of domestic geo-environment determined that China can not follow the industrialization patterns which developed countries experienced and must adopt resources-saving strategies to attain a sustainable development pattern.