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Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in municipal solid waste incinerators |
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| Authors: | Lin-Chi Wang Hsing-Cheng Hsi Sheng-Lun Lin Guo-Ping Chang-Chien |
| Institution: | a Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Cheng Shiu University, 840, Chengching Road, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan, ROC b Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, 840, Chengching Road, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan, ROC c Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Chung-hsiao E. Road, Taipei 10608, Taiwan, ROC d Department of Bioenvironmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200, Chung-Pei Road, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan, ROC e R&D Center of Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200, Chung-Pei Road, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan, ROC f Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC g Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC |
| Abstract: | The stack flue gases and the ashes in different units of two municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) are sampled to investigate the characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Bottom ashes (BA) exhibited much higher PBDD/F (8.11-52.2 pg TEQ/g) and PBDE contents (20.4-186 ng/g) than those of fly ashes (0.0932-2.02 pg TEQ/g and 0.332-25.5 ng/g), revealing that the PBDD/Fs and PBDEs in the feeding waste may not be completely destroyed. The PBDE concentrations/contents in the stack flue gases (26.1-109 ng/Nm3) and in the BA (20.4-186 ng/g) of the MSWIs could reach three orders higher than those in the atmosphere and reference soils. PBDE contributions to the environment from the stack flue gases or the reutilization of BA of MSWIs should not be ignored from the developing PBDE inventory. |
| Keywords: | PBDEs PBDD/Fs Dioxin Bottom ash Incinerator |
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