Effect of commercial mineral-based additives on composting and compost quality |
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| Authors: | M Himanen K Hänninen |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China;2. College of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210017, China;1. College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China;2. Key Lab of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China;3. Tianjin LVYIN Landscape and Ecology Construction Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300384, PR China;4. College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China;1. College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;2. Environmental Monitoring Center of Heilongjiang Province, China;1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China;2. Department of Biotechnology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India;3. Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan;1. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;2. Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China |
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| Abstract: | The effectiveness of two commercial additives meant to improve the composting process was studied in a laboratory-scale experiment. Improver A (sulphates and oxides of iron, magnesium, manganese, and zinc mixed with clay) and B (mixture of calcium hydroxide, peroxide, and oxide) were added to source-separated biowaste:peat mixture (1:1, v/v) in proportions recommended by the producers. The composting process (T, emissions of CO2, NH3, and CH4) and the quality of the compost (pH, conductivity, C/N ratio, water-soluble NH4–N and NO3–N, water- and NaOH-soluble low-weight carboxylic acids, nutrients, heavy metals and phytotoxicity to Lepidium sarivum) were monitored during one year. Compared with the control, the addition of improver B increased pH by two units, led to an earlier elimination of water-soluble ammonia, an increase in nitrates, a 10-fold increase in concentrations of acetic acid, and shortened phytotoxicity period by half; as negative aspect it led to volatilization of ammonia. The addition of improver A led to a longer thermophilic stage by one week and lower concentrations of low-weight carboxylic acids (both water- and NaOH-extractable) with formic and acetic of similar amounts, however, most of the aspects claimed by the improver’s producer were not confirmed in this trial. |
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