An integrated appraisal of energy recovery options in the United Kingdom using solid recovered fuel derived from municipal solid waste |
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| Authors: | A Garg R Smith D Hill PJ Longhurst SJT Pollard NJ Simms |
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| Institution: | 1. Sustainable Systems Department, School of Applied Sciences, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK;2. DPH Environment and Energy Ltd., c/o Sustainable Systems Department, School of Applied Sciences, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK;1. Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans, 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain;2. Catalonia Institute for Energy Research, IREC, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo, 2, Tarragona 43007, Spain;3. Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cn- Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain;4. Energies Tèrmiques Bàsiques SL, C/ Maó 22, 2-1, 08022 Barcelona, Spain;1. University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy;2. University of Insubria, Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, Via G.B. Vico 46, I-21100 Varese, Italy |
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| Abstract: | This paper reports an integrated appraisal of options for utilising solid recovered fuels (SRF) (derived from municipal solid waste, MSW) in energy intensive industries within the United Kingdom (UK). Four potential co-combustion scenarios have been identified following discussions with industry stakeholders. These scenarios have been evaluated using (a) an existing energy and mass flow framework model, (b) a semi-quantitative risk analysis, (c) an environmental assessment and (d) a financial assessment. A summary of results from these evaluations for the four different scenarios is presented. For the given ranges of assumptions; SRF co-combustion with coal in cement kilns was found to be the optimal scenario followed by co-combustion of SRF in coal-fired power plants. The biogenic fraction in SRF (ca. 70%) reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions significantly (～2500 g CO2 eqvt./kg DS SRF in co-fired cement kilns and ～1500 g CO2 eqvt./kg DS SRF in co-fired power plants). Potential reductions in electricity or heat production occurred through using a lower calorific value (CV) fuel. This could be compensated for by savings in fuel costs (from SRF having a gate fee) and grants aimed at reducing GHG emission to encourage the use of fuels with high biomass fractions. Total revenues generated from coal-fired power plants appear to be the highest (£95/t SRF) from the four scenarios. However overall, cement kilns appear to be the best option due to the low technological risks, environmental emissions and fuel cost. Additionally, cement kiln operators have good experience of handling waste derived fuels. The scenarios involving co-combustion of SRF with MSW and biomass were less favourable due to higher environmental risks and technical issues. |
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