Low-dose irradiation by electron beam for the treatment of high-SOx flue gas on a semi-pilot scale—Consideration of by-product quality and approach to clean technology |
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| Authors: | R Kikuchi Y Pelovski |
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| Institution: | 1. ESAC – Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal;2. University of Chemical Technology & Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria;1. Key Laboratory of Industrial Energy and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People''s Republic of China;2. Laboratory of Plasma Physical Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People''s Republic of China;3. Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40511, USA;1. College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, PR China;2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Process Fluid Filtration and Separation, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, PR China;1. Molecular Engineering Program, Mexican Institute of Petroleum, 07730 México, DF, Mexico;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, ESIQIE-IPN, 07738 México, DF, Mexico;3. Department of Chemistry UAM-A, 02200 México, DF, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | Attention has been focused on the treatment of lignite-fired flue gas in order to use lignite in an environmentally friendly way – (i) low-CO2 emission, (ii) production of a valuable by-product, (iii) no discharge of wastewater, (iv) direct removal of SO3 (strong toxicity), and (v) treatment of high SO2 concentration. Based on these criteria, electron beam irradiation with ammonia injection was tested on a semi-pilot scale: 800 Nm3 h?1 flow rate, 5500 ppm SO2, 70 ppm NOx, 22% flue gas moisture, and 75–80 °C at the reactor outlet.As an energy-saving measure, a low dose (5 kGy) of irradiation was applied: the problem lay in the by-product quality. It is considered that (NH4)2SO3 and NH4HSO3 produced by thermal reactions are oxidized to form (NH4)2SO4 (fertilizer) by an electron beam. However, not all reactions were complete because the by-product contained small amounts of H2SO4 and NH2SO3NH4 (herbicide), so a vegetable pot test was performed to study the by-product quality: no adverse effect was observed. It is inferred from the pot test that slightly acidic soil may protect vegetables from disease and a small amount of NH2SO3NH4 probably affects woody species and not herbaceous species.It is concluded that the electron beam system is noted as a multi-component pollution control process (removal of NOx, SO3, SO2 and dioxins) and this system will contribute to environmentally friendly use of lignite as well as agricultural productivity via fertilizer supply. |
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