Waste battery treatment options: Comparing their environmental performance |
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| Authors: | K Briffaerts C Spirinckx A Van der Linden K Vrancken |
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| Institution: | 1. Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Miljøvej 113, 2500 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;2. Econet A/S, Strandboulevarden 122, 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark;1. Golisano Institute for Sustainability (GIS), Rochester Institute of Technology, 81-2175 111 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA;2. NanoPower Research Labs (NPRL), Rochester Institute of Technology, 78-2402 156 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA;3. Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA;1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;2. Advanced Analysis and Computation Center, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;2. Advanced Analysis & Computation Center, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;3. School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;1. Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstr 11, 89081 Ulm Germany;2. ITAS, Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis, Karlsruhe Germany;3. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe Germany |
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| Abstract: | Waste consumer batteries are recycled using different routes based on hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes. Two hydrometallurgical and two pyrometallurgical treatment scenarios are compared starting from an average composition of Belgian waste batteries. The environmental performance is compared using life cycle analysis (LCA). The recycling rate is studied through mass balance calculation.Each treatment scenario results in a specific recycling rate. The environmental impact and benefits also vary between the treatment options. There is no such thing as a typical hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical treatment. When applying a hydrometallurgical treatment scenario, the focus lies on zinc and iron recycling. When allowing manganese recycling, the energy demand of the hydrometallurgical process increases considerably. Both pyrometallurgical options recycle zinc, iron and manganese. According to the LCA, none of the treatment scenarios performs generally better or worse than the others. Each option has specific advantages and disadvantages. The Batteries Directive 2006/66/EC sets out a recycling rate of 50% for consumer waste batteries. Based on metal recycling alone, the mass balances show that the target is difficult to obtain. |
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