Micro-scale anaerobic digestion of point source components of organic fraction of municipal solid waste |
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| Authors: | HN Chanakya Isha Sharma TV Ramachandra |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Sustainable Technologies, (formerly ASTRA), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India;2. Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India;1. DIEF-Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Florence, via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy;2. DIISM-Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione e Scienze Matematiche, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 56100 Siena, Italy;1. Centre for Resource and Environmental Research, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China;2. Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China;1. Environmental and Process Systems Engineering Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa;2. Ethiopian Development Research Institute, Mekelle University, Near National Stadium Blue Building, P.O. Box 2479, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;3. Greenheat, P.O. Box 10235, Kampala, Uganda;4. James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK;5. MOLD, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya;6. Agama Energy (Pty) Ltd, 9b Bell Crescent Close, Westlake Business Park, Cape Town 7945, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | The fermentation characteristics of six specific types of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) were examined, with an emphasis on properties that are needed when designing plug-flow type anaerobic bioreactors. More specifically, the decomposition patterns of a vegetable (cabbage), fruits (banana and citrus peels), fresh leaf litter of bamboo and teak leaves, and paper (newsprint) waste streams as feedstocks were studied. Individual OFMSW components were placed into nylon mesh bags and subjected to various fermentation periods (solids retention time, SRT) within the inlet of a functioning plug-flow biogas fermentor. These were removed at periodic intervals, and their composition was analyzed to monitor decomposition rates and changes in chemical composition. Components like cabbage waste, banana peels, and orange peels fermented rapidly both in a plug-flow biogas reactor (PFBR) as well as under a biological methane potential (BMP) assay, while other OFMSW components (leaf litter from bamboo and teak leaves and newsprint) fermented slowly with poor process stability and moderate biodegradation. For fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW), a rapid and efficient removal of pectins is the main cause of rapid disintegration of these feedstocks, which left behind very little compost forming residues (2–5%). Teak and bamboo leaves and newsprint decomposed only to 25–50% in 30 d. These results confirm the potential for volatile fatty acids accumulation in a PFBR’s inlet and suggest a modification of the inlet zone or operation of a PFBR with the above feedstocks. |
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