海岛旅游绿色发展生态补偿标准研究——以浙江舟山普陀旅游金三角为例

绿色发展是强调人与自然平等、人与自然和谐发展的新可持续发展观。海岛旅游绿色发展有利于保护旅游目的地的海洋生态系统与森林生态系统健康和减少旅游业对资源与环境的压力。运用海洋渔业生态标签制度(MFELS)、生态系统服务付费(PES)和市场替换法(MRM),对海岛旅游绿色发展生态补偿问题进行了研究,其中,旅游碳排放增量生态补偿(增汇或碳汇)主要依据是污染者付费原则、环境友好型海产品生态补偿主要依据是保护者得到补偿原则、生态系统服务付费主要依据是受益者付费原则;并以舟山普陀旅游金三角为案例地,以问卷调查和访谈调查获取的数据为基础,以2013年为评价基准年份,对海岛旅游绿色发展的生态补偿标准进行了评估。结果表明:海岛旅游绿色发展可获得6.53×108元的生态补偿资金,游客平均承担110.43元/人次的生态补偿标准。

STUDY ON THE ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION STANDARDS OF GREEN DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAND TOURISM——A CASE STUDY OF PUTUO GOLDEN TRIANGLE IN ZHOUSHAN ISLANDS

Green development is a new sustainable development concept, which emphasizes the equal and harmonious development between human and nature. The green development of island tourism is benefit to keep ocean and forest ecosystems healthy, reduce pressure on resource and environment from tourism. We studied the ecological compensation on green development of island tourism through marine fisheries' eco-label schemes, payments for ecosystem services and market-replacement methods. The ecological compensation of the tourism carbon increment emissions depended on the polluter pays principle, and the environmentally friendly seafood was mainly on basis of the principle of protector getting compensation. Meanwhile, the ecological compensation of the payments for ecosystem services was mainly on the basis of the beneficiary pays principle. Specifically, according to the data from questionnaire and interview in Putuo Golden Triangle, Zhoushan City, we evaluated the ecological compensation standards of green development of island tourism in the base year of 2013. The results were as follows. The green development of island tourism could obtain 6.53×10⁸ RMB as the ecological compensation funds. The tourists should undertake 110.43 RMB per person-time.