基于安徽省土地利用变化的地形梯度效应分析

为揭示地形因素与土地利用空间格局演变的关系,以安徽省2000年、2005年以及2010年Landsat TM影像和DEM数据为数据源,利用坡向、地形起伏度、坡度变率和地形位指数多种地形因子,并结合地学信息图谱分析理论从综合角度系统研究土地利用结构时空分异格局在地形梯度上的变化特点及其规律。结果表明:1)研究区主要的土地利用类型是耕地和林地,其次是建设用地和未利用土地,且建设用地面积逐期增加趋势显著。2)2000~2010年研究区不同土地利用类型在不同地形梯度区间的分异规律存在明显差异。低地形梯度范围是耕地、水域和建设用地的优势分布区;中地形梯度范围是草地的集中分布区;林地的优势分布区集中在高地形梯度范围。3)2000~2010年研究区土地利用图谱以稳定型和后期变化型为主,低地形梯度和高地形梯度是稳定型图谱的集中分布区,中低、中高和高地形梯度范围是后期变化型图谱的优势分布区。2000~2005年林地的优势分布区有向较低地形位梯度扩张的趋势,其中,耕地是主要的转入来源。2005~2010年耕地的优势分布区有向较高地形位梯度扩张的趋势,变化模式主要为:"林地–耕地"、"未利用地–耕地"和"草地–耕地"。

ANALYSIS ON TERRAIN GRADIENT EFFECT BASED ON LAND USE CHANGE IN ANHUI PROVINCE

For revealing the relationship between terrain factors and evolution of spatial pattern of land use, using the aspect of slope, relief amplitude, slope change rate, and the topographic index, and combining with the geological information theory of TUPU from the comprehensive perspective, based on the remote sensing data of TM images in 2000, 2005 and 2010, as well as DEM data of Anhui province, the research analyzed the changing characteristics and regularity about land use pattern on terrain gradient. The results showed that:1)the main land use types of the study area was cultivated land and woodland, the second was construction land and unused land, and the trend of construction land area increased significantly in each period. 2) It's variation in different terrain gradient range of different land use during 2000 and 2010. Low terrain gradient ranges were the advantages of arable land, water area and construction land area; the medium terrain gradient range was concentrated on the area of grassland; the high terrain gradient range was concentrated on the area of woodland. 3) During 2000 and 2010, land use type of TUPU gave priority to with stable type and the anaphase type in the study area. The low and high terrain gradient ranges were the advantaging distribution of stable type of TUPU; the anaphase type mainly distributed on the low, medium high and high terrain gradient range. From 2000 to 2005, the advantaging distribution of woodland had a tendency to the expansion of lower terrain gradient and the arable land was the main source of transfer. During 2005 and 2010, the advantaging distribution of arable land had a tendency to the expansion of higher terrain gradient and the changing mode was mainly including "woodland to arable land", "unused to arable land" and "grassland to arable land".