中国集装箱航运网络空间格局及复杂性研究

随着中国航运集装化的快速发展,集装箱航运网络组织空间格局的探讨逐步成为新的关注点。以港口城市为节点构建网络,借助网络整体结构及节点中心性评价指标,对中国航运集装箱网络的拓扑结构和空间结构进行分析,发现其整体结构呈现出"小世界网络"的特点。对比分析沿海港口网络和长江水系网络发现,长江港口体系受航道所限,网络集聚性较弱,中心性较低,但中转功能较强;沿海港口中,广州直接联系的港口城市较多,而上海相对可达性较强,并成为沟通南北及东西向航运的重要节点;青岛、天津等吞吐量较大的港口在全国航运网络中的中心性较低,反映其主要服务于各自腹地;而武汉、南京等港口在网络中的中转功能逐步加强。网络中重要的港口城市节点和多港口区域逐步形成,航运网络日趋复杂化。

SPATIAL PATTERN ANALYSIS OF CHINA CONTAINER SHIPPING NETWORK ON COMPLEX THEORY

With the rapid development of container shipping in our country, the discussions on spatial pattern organization of container shipping network gradually became a new focus in the literature. Based on complex network theory, this research abstracted the Chinese container shipping network as a set of edges (linkages) connecting a set of nodes (cities) across 51 cities and 197 shipping routes. This paper assessed the spatial structure and topological structure of coastal container shipping network, and Yangtze River network respectively by the network evaluation index and centrality index. The results indicated that Chinese container shipping network was evolving to "Small-world" network and became increasingly complicated. Compared with coastal container shipping network, the Yangtze River network presented more advantages on transfer function rather than direct accessibility and relative accessibility through betweenness, degree centrality and closeness evaluation because of the limitation of channel and natural conditions. Guangzhouwas the port city linked to the most cities of China, with Shanghai occupying the second place. However, the latter city was the most accessible port city in China. Besides, the container capacity was correlated with three centrality indices, with betweenness the highest relevance and closeness the lowest. Qingdao, Tianjin and parts of ports with high capacity but low centrality showed that they mainly served their hinterlands. Meanwhile, those with high centrality but low capacity covered a wide range of network, while they generally had less volume on linkages.