基于鱼类完整性指数的黄浦江水生态系统评价

黄浦江是连接太湖与长江口的一条多功能平原感潮河流,流经上海市中心城区,干流长113.4 km。为从生态学角度揭示其污染程度,采用鱼类生物完整性指数(F-IBI)对其水生态系统的健康状况作了评价。2013年11月和2014年7月,采用地笼网、三层刺网和拖网对黄浦江7个断面作了相同努力量的样本采集,共获鱼类8 816尾。经鉴定有38种,隶属于6目12科,其中鲤形目24种,鲈形目7种,鲇形目4种。通过区分度分析和关联度筛选,构建了由9个指标组成的F-IBI评价体系。结果表明,黄浦江上游水生态系统总体上处于"好"状态,中游及河口处于"一般"至"差"之间,而下游则较"差"。春季各有3个江段"好"或"差",1个江段"一般";秋季有4个江段"一般",2个江段"差",仅有1个江段"好"。评价还表明,黄浦江上游的3大支流中,由于承接太湖来水的斜塘呈"差",导致了为上海市提供约30%原水的松浦大桥断面呈"差"或"一般"状态。因此,保护淀山湖乃至太湖水质,是确保黄浦江上游水源地原水安全的关键。

ECOLOGICAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF HUANGPU RIVER BASED ON FISH INDEX OF BIOTIC INTEGRITY

The Huangpu River is a multifunctional plain tidal river connecting the Taihu Lake and the Yangtze River Estuary, which flows through all central area of Shanghai city. Its main stream is 113.4 km long. From ecological perspective, this article used biotic integrity index of fish (F-IBI) to evaluate the water pollution and health impact of Huangpu River. Fish samples were collected from 7 sampling sites in the Huangpu River from November 2013 to July 2014. Large net cage, three layers of drift net and bottom trawl were used by the same effort. Totally 8816 fishes were caught. These fish were classified into 6 orders and 12 families, mostly 2 families and 24 species belonging to Cypriniformes. Next were the Perciformes and Siluriformes, which have 7 species nd 4 species respectively. According to dipartite degree and correlation analysis, the F-IBI evaluation system was established with 9 indicators. The evaluation results showed that the water ecological system of the Huangpu River was good in upper section, fair in the middle and poor in the lower section. The evaluation results also indicated that owing to the poor state of Xietang section which connected to the Taihu Lake water, the water ecological system of Songpu Bridge was poor or fair state. As Songpu Bridge area provides about thirty percent water for Shanghai, protection the water quality of the Dianshan Lake and the Taihu Lake is the key to ensure the water source security of the Huangpu River upstream. Moreover, in order to improve ecosystem situation of the middle and lower reaches, comprehensive water ecological restoration measures are required.