人工园林大面积种植区土地利用/覆被变化对生态系统服务价值影响

近10a来由于经济利益的驱动,橡胶、茶园、咖啡和桉树等人工园林在云南省西南部西盟县大规模种植,使土地利用结构和布局发生了较大变化,影响了种植区的生态系统服务价值。以西盟县为研究对象,基于2000年、2005年和2010年的遥感影像解译的土地利用/覆被数据,参照"中国生态系统单位面积生态服务价值当量",修订了西盟县生态系统单位面积服务价值,结合敏感度分析,探讨了土地利用/覆被变化及其对生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明:(1)2000~2010年西盟县的耕地、园地、水域和乡镇用地面积增加,林地和草地面积减少,西南部的土地利用/覆盖类型相互转化主要表现在林地和耕地转化为园地,而东北部表现在林地转化为耕地;(2)从时间上看,生态系统服务价值呈减少趋势,10 a间净减少106.29×106元,林地的生态系统服务价值始终最高;(3)研究期内,只有食物生产服务有价值量的增加,其余生态系统服务的价值量均为不同程度的减少;(4)从空间上看,西盟县生态系统服务价值东北部和东南部高,西部、中部和东部低。力所乡生态系统服务价值有小幅度增加,其余乡镇均呈减少趋势。西盟县以经济利益为目的的发展模式给生态系统服务和可持续发展带来巨大压力,在一定程度上使区域整体生态效应下降。因此,西盟县的发展应该在保证生态系统稳定的前提下,适当发展园地,同时优化土地利用结构,在生态效益和经济利益之间,找到双赢的平衡点。

LAND USE AND LAND-COVER CHANGE AND IT'S IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES VALUES IN A REGION WITH LARGE-AREA ARTIFICIAL GARDENS

Over the past decade, driven by economic interests, artificial forests were planted on a large scale, for example, the plantation of rubber, tea, coffee and Eucalyptus in the Ximeng County, southwestern Yunnan, changed land use structure greatly, and produced impact on ecosystem services in the study area. Taking the Ximeng County as the research object, we used land use/cover data derived from the remotely sensed images in 2000, 2005 and 2010, and "equivalent of per unit area ecosystem services for China's ecological systems", to revise the per unit area service value in the Ximeng County. The land use/cover change and its impact on the value of ecosystem services were explored with sensitivity analysis. The results showed that:(1) In 2000-2010, the cultivated lands, gardens, waters and construction lands in the Ximeng County were increasing, but woodlands and grasslands were decreasing. The mutual transformations of land use/cover types were mainly represented as change of woodlands and cultivated lands into gardens in the southwest, and change of forested lands into cultivated lands in the northeast. (2) The ecosystem services value tended to decrease in 2000-2010. The ESV had a net decrease of 106.29×10⁶ yuan in ten years, of which the ecosystem services values of woodland have always been the highest, garden and cultivated land second. The three kinds of land use provided more than 97% ecosystem services value of Ximeng County; (3) The individual ecosystem services in Ximeng County are mainly biodiversity conservation, gas regulation, soil conservation, climate regulation, and hydrologic adjustment. In the study period, only food production capabilities have increased, the rest of the ecosystem services values have reduced; (4) In the space scale, ecosystem service values of northeast and southeast in Ximeng County are high, but western, central and eastern are low. The ecosystem services values of Lisuo township have small increased, and the remaining townships have decreased. The development mode of the economic interests for the purpose gave Ximeng County's ecosystem services and sustainable development bring great pressure. To a certain extent, to make the regional overall ecological effect decreasing. Therefore, on the premise of guarantee the stability of ecosystem in Ximeng County, the proper developing the garden and optimizing land use structure to find a balance point of a win-win situation between ecological and economic interests.